Gasoline (Petrol) combustion: C8H18 + 12.5 O2 -> 8 CO2 + 9 H2O
Energy content of gasoline: 44.7 million Joules per Kilogram
Optimal ratio of air to fuel for complete burning is 14.7
That is …. 14.7 Kg of Air for 1 Kg Gasoline.
If all of the gasoline is burned, the exhaust is CO2 and water vapor.
Flame temperature is about 2000 degrees Kelvin. Room temp is about 300 degrees Kelvin.
So, the change in temperature is about a factor of 7 – that gives a pressure change of a factor of 7.
The increased pressure pushes the piston downward – that is the power stroke.
Thermal Expansion
Steel: 10.8 -12.5 x 10-6 / degree C
Cast Iron: 10.4 – 11 x 10-6 / degree C
Aluminum: 21 -24 x 10-6 / degree C
Copper: 16 – 16.7 x 10-6 / degree C
Brass: 18 – 19 x 10-6 / degree C
How does a cable work? How does a gear or bearing puller work?
Ans. for puller – outer portion in tension – inner portion in compression.
Ans. for cable – outer portion in compression – inner portion in tension.
Spark Plug diagnostic chart – what is wrong with my engine?
Carburetor: Pilot Jet for Idling. Main Jet for Running. Throttle cable lifts slide (blue) to control flow.
Needle affects the fuel flow (see below):
Friction
Principle of Virtual Work
Seth’s Thesis – motor torque-speed
Seth in lab (below)
Bridge Rectifier used to Charge Battery: AC from Stator converted to “Pulsed” DC
Note that the arrow is always going from right to left thru RL (Here the resistor would be the battery)
Strength of Materials – mild steel 100,000 psi (pounds per square inch)
