{"id":84,"date":"2023-02-07T14:27:24","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T14:27:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/paper\/?page_id=84"},"modified":"2026-08-03T12:42:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T16:42:21","slug":"chapter-30","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/thinkingonpaper\/chapter-30\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 30 \u201cOld China\u201d and \u201cTraditional Beijing\u201d \u201c\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8001\u5317\u4eac\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u7ed3\u6784[1] \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u662f\u8d2c\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u8001\u5317\u4eac\u201d\u5374\u662f\u8912\u4e49[2] \u7684\u3002\u548c\u201c\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u201c\u5c01\u5efa[3] \u201d\u3001\u201c\u72ec\u88c1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9ed1\u6697\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8150\u8d25\u201d\u7b49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e26\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\uff1b\u800c\u548c\u8001\u5317\u4eac\u8054\u60f3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u60c5 \u5473[4] \u201d\u3001\u201c\u6df3\u6734[5] \u201d\u3001\u201c\u793c\u8ba9\u201d[6] \u7b49\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8912\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5e38\u95ee\u6211\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u54ea\u6709\u8001\u5317\u4eac\uff1f\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u6015\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u65e0\u662f\u5904[7] \uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e48\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u201c\u8001\u5317\u4eac\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u6211\u6ee1\u610f[8] \u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6211\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u603b\u7b97[9] \u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u201c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u6765\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5[10] \uff0c\u800c\u201c\u8001\u5317\u4eac\u201d\u5219\u662f\u6587\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f1949\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5219\u662f1912\u5e74\u7531\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u521b\u5efa[11] \u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\uff0c1949\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63071912\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a1912\u5e74\u52301949\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u53eb\u505a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u628a1949\u4ee5\u540e\u53eb\u505a\u5f53\u4ee3[12] \u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5206\u6cd5[13] \u53ea\u662f\u5c31\u65f6\u4ee3[14] \u7684\u5148\u540e\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u542b\u4e49[15] \uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u636e\u6211\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u6388\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u5728\u5927\u9646\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u523040\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u5c31[16] \u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u50cf\u9c81\u8fc5\u3001\u5df4\u91d1\u548c\u8001\u820d\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5f88\u8f89\u714c[17] \u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u56fd[18] \u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4ece1931\u5e74\u8d77\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4fb5\u7565\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c 1937\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6297\u6218[19] \uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u957f\u671f[20] \u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u5c11\u843d\u540e\u4e8650\u5e74\uff01<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c[21] \u5e38\u628a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a30\u5e74: 1949-1979\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a30\u5e74\uff1b1979-2009\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a30\u5e74\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a30\u5e74\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269[22] \u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u8981\u5728\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u5185\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6709\u5236[23] \u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5728\u8fd930\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u52a8[24] \u4e86\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb[25] \u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e[26] \u548c\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d[27] \u7b49\u591a\u6b21\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc[28] \u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5927\u9965\u8352[29] \uff0c\u997f\u6b7b\u4e86\u5343\u5343\u4e07\u4e07\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u30021966-1976\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u66f4\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u66f4\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u6b8b\u9177[30] \u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u53d1\u75af[31] \uff0c\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u8fd910\u5e74\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u9ed1\u6697\uff0c\u6700\u6050\u6016\uff0c\u6700\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6709\u4e00\u9996\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6447\u6eda\u4e50[32] \u53eb\u505a\u201c\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u591a\u4e48\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff01<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u8fd930\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u662f\u907f\u91cd\u5c31\u8f7b[33] \uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u8bda\u6073[34] \u5730\u627f\u8ba4\u8fc7\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9519\u8bef[35] \uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd[36] \u5730\u8ba9\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u5fd8\u6389\u8fd930\u5e74\u60b2\u60e8[37] \u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8ba9\u8fd9\u6837\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u91cd\u6f14[38] \uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u535a\u7269\u9986\u662f\u523b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f13[39] \u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a30\u5e74\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc[40] \u601d\u60f3\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a30\u5e74\u7a7a\u60f3[41] \u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u628a\u96c6\u4f53[42] \u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u519c\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u5305\u4ea7\u5230\u6237\u201d[43] \uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u201c\u516c\u6709\u5236\u201d[44] \u6162\u6162\u5730\u6062\u590d[45] \u5230\u201c\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u201d[46] \u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6c\u53d8\u5927\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e0a\u4e5f\u7a0d\u7a0d[47] \u653e\u5bbd[48] \uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u6d3e\u9063[49] \u7559\u5b66\u751f\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6539\u53d8\u5960\u5b9a[50] \u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6c11\u56fd\u70ed\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5411\u5f80[51] \u548c\u7f05\u6000[52] \u3002\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u65e0\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c[53] \u800c\u662f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u503c\u5f97\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>ji\u00e9g\u00f2u<\/td>n.<\/td>(sentence, phrase) structure<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u8912\u4e49<\/td>b\u0101oy\u00ec<\/td>adj.<\/td>commendatory; complimentary<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5c01\u5efa<\/td>f\u0113ngji\u00e0n<\/td>n.<\/td>feudalism<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u4eba\u60c5\u5473<\/td>r\u00e9nq\u00edngw\u00e8i<\/td>n.<\/td>genuine human warmth<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6df3\u6734<\/td>ch\u00fanp\u01d4<\/td>adj.<\/td>simple and honest; unsophisticated<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u793c\u8ba9<\/td>l\u01d0r\u00e0ng<\/td>v.<\/td>to give precedence to sb. out of courtesy or thoughtfulness<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u4e00\u65e0\u662f\u5904<\/td>y\u012bw\u00fash\u00ecch\u00f9<\/td>n.<\/td>(lit.) without a single redeeming feature (devoid of any merit)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6ee1\u610f<\/td>m\u01ceny\u00ec<\/td>adj.<\/td>satisfactory<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u603b\u7b97<\/td>z\u01d2ngsu\u00e0n<\/td>adv.<\/td>at long last<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6982\u5ff5<\/td>g\u00e0ini\u00e0n<\/td>n.<\/td>concept<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u521b\u5efa<\/td>chu\u00e0ngji\u00e0n<\/td>v.<\/td>to found; establish<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5f53\u4ee3<\/td>d\u0101ngd\u00e0i<\/td>adj.<\/td>contemporary<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5206\u6cd5<\/td>f\u0113nf\u01ce<\/td>n.<\/td>periodization; division<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u65f6\u4ee3<\/td>sh\u00edd\u00e0i<\/td>n.<\/td>era; epoch; the times<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u542b\u4e49<\/td>h\u00e1ny\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>connotation<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6210\u5c31<\/td>ch\u00e9ngji\u00f9<\/td>n.<\/td>huge achievement<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u8f89\u714c<\/td>hu\u012bhu\u00e1ng<\/td>adj.<\/td>glorious; shining<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6c11\u56fd<\/td>M\u00edngu\u00f3<\/td>n.<\/td>Republic of China (1912-1949, the government moved to Taiwan after 1949).<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6297\u6218<\/td>K\u00e0ngzh\u00e0n<\/td>n.<\/td>abbr. for \u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89 The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937-1945)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u957f\u671f<\/td>ch\u00e1ngq\u012b<\/td>attr.\/adv.<\/td>long period of time; long-term<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5b66\u672f\u754c<\/td>xu\u00e9sh\u00f9 ji\u00e8<\/td>n.<\/td>academia<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u4eba\u7269<\/td>r\u00e9nw\u00f9<\/td>n.<\/td>(public, historical) figure<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u516c\u6709\u5236<\/td>g\u014dngy\u01d2u zh\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>public ownership (of means of production)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u53d1\u52a8<\/td>f\u0101d\u00f2ng<\/td>v.<\/td>to start or initiate (a movement, war); to mobilize (people)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5927\u8dc3\u8fdb<\/td>D\u00e0 yu\u00e8j\u00ecn<\/td>n.<\/td>The Great Leap Forward (1958-1962)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e<\/td>R\u00e9nm\u00edn g\u014dngsh\u00e8<\/td>n.<\/td>People\u2019s Commune (1958-1982)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d<\/td>W\u00e9nhu\u00e0 d\u00e0 g\u00e9m\u00ecn<\/td>n.<\/td>The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6df1\u8fdc<\/td>sh\u0113nyu\u01cen<\/td>adj.<\/td>deep and profound; far-reaching<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u9965\u8352<\/td>j\u012bhu\u0101ng<\/td>n.<\/td>famine<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6b8b\u9177<\/td>c\u00e1nk\u00f9<\/td>adj.<\/td>cruel; brutal<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u53d1\u75af<\/td>f\u0101f\u0113ng<\/td>v.<\/td>to go crazy; to become insane<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6447\u6eda\u4e50<\/td>y\u00e1og\u01d4n yu\u00e8<\/td>n.<\/td>Rock and Roll<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u907f\u91cd\u5c31\u8f7b<\/td>b\u00eczh\u00f2ng ji\u00f9q\u012bng<\/td>idm.<\/td>(lit.) to evade major responsibilities and choose minor, easier or lighter task or way; to keep silent about major charges while admitting minor ones<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u8bda\u6073<\/td>ch\u00e9ngk\u011bn<\/td>adj.<\/td>sincere<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u9519\u8bef<\/td>cu\u00f2w\u00f9<\/td>n.<\/td>mistake<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd<\/td>j\u01d0n k\u011bn\u00e9ng<\/td>adv.<\/td>to the best of one\u2019s ability<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u60b2\u60e8<\/td>b\u0113ic\u01cen<\/td>n.<\/td>tragic<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u91cd\u6f14<\/td>ch\u00f3ngy\u01cen<\/td>v.<\/td>(of disaster, tragedy) to recur; repeat<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u523b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f13<\/td>k\u00e8b\u00f9r\u00f3nghu\u01cen<\/td>idm.<\/td>of great urgency; demand immediate attention<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u4e3b\u5bfc<\/td>zh\u01d4d\u01ceo<\/td>adj.<\/td>dominant; guiding<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u7a7a\u60f3<\/td>k\u014dngxi\u01ceng<\/td>attr.<\/td>Utopian; unrealistic<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u96c6\u4f53<\/td>j\u00edt\u01d0<\/td>n.<\/td>collective (opp. \u4e2a\u4eba individual)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5305\u4ea7\u5230\u6237<\/td>b\u0101och\u01cen d\u00e0oh\u00f9<\/td>n.<\/td>a system of farm output quotas; production contracted to each household<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u516c\u6709\u5236<\/td>g\u014dngy\u01d2u zh\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>public ownership (of means of production)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6062\u590d<\/td>hu\u012bf\u00f9<\/td>v.<\/td>to resume; \u6062\u590d\u5230: to return to (normal, an earlier state, etc.)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u79c1\u6709\u5236<\/td>s\u012by\u01d2uzh\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>private ownership (of means of production)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u7a0d\u7a0d<\/td>sh\u0101osh\u0101o<\/td>adv.<\/td>slightly<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u653e\u5bbd<\/td>f\u00e0ngku\u0101n<\/td>v.<\/td>to relax (restrictions)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6d3e\u9063<\/td>p\u00e0iqi\u01cen<\/td>v.<\/td>to send out; dispatch<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5960\u5b9a<\/td>di\u00e0nd\u00ecng<\/td>v.<\/td>to lay (the basis\/foundations)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5411\u5f80<\/td>xi\u00e0ngw\u01ceng<\/td>v.<\/td>to be attracted toward; yearn for<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u7f05\u6000<\/td>mi\u01cenhu\u00e1i<\/td>v.<\/td>to think of or cherish the memory of (the past, history, a person)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u4e00\u65e0\u53ef\u53d6<\/td>y\u012bw\u00fak\u011bq\u01d4<\/td>idm.<\/td>(lit.) (of a person, course of action) without anything to recommend<\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Structure<\/h3>","grammar":"

Grammar<\/h3>","cohesion":"

Cohesion<\/h3>","mode":"

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