{"id":57,"date":"2023-02-07T14:24:55","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T14:24:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/paper\/?page_id=57"},"modified":"2026-08-03T12:42:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T16:42:21","slug":"chapter-19","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/thinkingonpaper\/chapter-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 19: Beijing Humor \u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f \u548c\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u7684\u5e7d\u9ed8"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5317\u4eac\u4eba\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\u3002\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u50cf\u8bd7\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u53c8\u4e0d\u662f\u8bd7\u3002\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\u4e5f\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u50cf\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bf4\u5531\uff0c[2] \u53ef\u662f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51e0\u53e5\u8bdd\u6765\u6982\u62ec[3] \u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53d1\u8868[4] \u610f\u89c1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a[5] \u5f62\u5f0f[6] \u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\u6709\u6df1\u523b[7] \u7684\u542b\u4e49[8] \uff0c\u53c8\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u62bc\u97f5[9] \u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5fd8\u8bb0\u3002\u6211\u542c\u5f97\u61c2\u7684\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u542c\u61c2\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u5fd8\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u6253\u51fb[10] \u8150\u8d25\u65b9\u9762\u4e0b\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u529f\u592b\u3002\u8d2a\u5b98\uff08\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7537\u7684\uff09\u7684\u884c\u4e3a[11] \u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u8d2a\u8d22[12] \u548c\u597d\u8272[13] \u4e24\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u8d2a\u8d22\u5c31\u662f\u6536\u53d6[14] \u91d1\u94b1[15] \u548c\u793c\u7269\uff1b\u597d\u8272\u662f\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u5973\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53eb\u201c\u901a\u5978[16] \u201d\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u6d41\u884c\u7740\u4e24\u53e5\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\u6765\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5b98\uff1a\u201c\u85aa\u6c34[17] \u57fa\u672c[18] \u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u8001\u5a46\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u78b0[19] \u201d\u3002\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8d2a\u5b98\u7684\u8001\u5a46\u5e76\u4e0d\u201c\u6027\u798f[20] \u201d\uff01\u54e6\uff0c\u54e6\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u8bf4\u201c\u5e78\u798f\u201d\u3002\u7b80\u7b80\u5355\u5355\u7684\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u8d2a\u8d22\u53c8\u597d\u8272\u7684\u8d2a\u5b98\u5f62\u8c61[21] \u751f\u52a8[22] \u5730\u63cf\u5199[23] \u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

1949\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5[24] \u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u5e72\u90e8[25] \u76f8\u4fe1\u201c\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b98\u5458\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8d2a\u5b98\u4e00\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3a\u8d2a\u5b98\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u4e86\uff01\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u53c8\u7f16[26] \u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\uff1a\u4ee5\u524d\u54b1\u4eec\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u662f\u201c\u8001\u5a46\u517c[27] \u79d8\u4e66[28] \u201d\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u662f\u201c\u79d8\u4e66\u517c\u8001\u5a46\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u201c\u8001\u5a46\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u5806[29] \uff0c\u201d\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u201c\u8001\u5a46\u4e00\u5806\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u63cf\u8ff0[30] \u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u6c14[31] \u7684\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002\u4ece\u524d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5a5a\u524d\u548c\u5a5a\u5916\u7684\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7981\u6b62[32] \u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff1a\u201c\u7537\u7684\u4e0d\u574f\uff0c\u5973\u7684\u4e0d\u7231\u201d\u3002\u201c\u7537\u4eba\u6709\u94b1\u5c31\u53d8\u574f\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u53d8\u574f\u624d\u6709\u94b1\u201d\u3002\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6027\u522b[33] \u6b67\u89c6[34] \u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u6279\u8bc4\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u3002
\n\u591a\u5e74\u524d[35] \uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5e38\u5e38\u8ba8\u8bba\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49[36] \u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49[37] \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u201c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6709\u996d\u5403\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6709\u996d\u5927\u5bb6\u5403\u201d\u3002\u591a\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ce8\u91cd[38] \u7684\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u5206\u914d[39] \u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u771f\u6b63[40] \u6539\u53d8\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u9762\u8c8c[41] \u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f1978\u5e74\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9ed1\u732b\u767d\u732b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f1a\u6293[42] \u8001\u9f20[43] \u7684\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u732b\uff01\u201d\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5f15\u7528[44] \u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u53d8\u5473\u513f[45] \u3002\u201c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u8d5a\u94b1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff01\u201d\u76ee\u7684\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u624b\u6bb5\u53d8\u5f97\u6b63\u5f53\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u62e9\u624b\u6bb5[46] \u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u771f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff01<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u5192\u72af[47] \u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0d\u592a\u5408\u9002\u4e86\u3002\u5c24\u5176[48] \u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7537\u5973\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6[49] \u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u8981\u5bbd\u677e\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u628a\u8bb8\u591a[50] \u4e8b\u60c5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u786e[51] \u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u50cf\u7537\u5973\u3001\u79cd\u65cf[52] \u3001\u5815\u80ce\u3001[53] \u67aa\u652f[54] \u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0[55] \u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u786e\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u907f\u514d[56] \u8c08\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e86\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e89\u53d6[57] \u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n
\u987a\u53e3\u6e9c\u513f<\/td>sh\u00f9nk\u01d2uli\u016b\u00e9r<\/td>n.<\/td>jingle; doggerel<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u8bf4\u5531<\/td>shu\u014dch\u00e0ng<\/td>n.<\/td>rap (music style)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6982\u62ec<\/td>g\u00e0iku\u00f2<\/td>v.<\/td>to summarize<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u53d1\u8868<\/td>f\u0101bi\u01ceo<\/td>v.<\/td>to express; to put forward<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u7279\u6b8a<\/td>t\u00e8sh\u016b<\/td>adj.<\/td>special<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5f62\u5f0f<\/td>x\u00edngsh\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>form<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6df1\u523b<\/td>sh\u0113nk\u00e8<\/td>adj.<\/td>profound<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u542b\u4e49<\/td>h\u00e1ny\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>connotation<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u62bc\u97f5<\/td>y\u0101y\u00f9n<\/td>v-o.<\/td>to rhyme<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6253\u51fb<\/td>d\u01cej\u012b<\/td>v.<\/td>to take strong measures against; to crack down on (corruption, crimes)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>x\u00edngw\u00e9i<\/td>n.<\/td>behavior<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u8d2a\u8d22<\/td>t\u0101nc\u00e1i<\/td>adj.<\/td>avaricious; greedy<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u597d\u8272<\/td>h\u00e0os\u00e8<\/td>adj.<\/td>lustful; lecherous; lascivious<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6536\u53d6<\/td>sh\u014duq\u01d4<\/td>v.<\/td>to take (bribes)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u91d1\u94b1<\/td>j\u012bnqi\u00e1n<\/td>n.<\/td>money (collective noun)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u901a\u5978<\/td>t\u014dngji\u0101n<\/td>v.-o.<\/td>to commit adultery<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u85aa\u6c34<\/td>x\u012bnshu\u01d0<\/td>n.<\/td>wage<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u57fa\u672c<\/td>j\u012bb\u011bn<\/td>adv.<\/td>basically<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u78b0<\/td>p\u00e8ng<\/td>v.<\/td>to touch<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6027\u798f<\/td>x\u00ecngf\u00fa<\/td><\/td>a play on words on \u201c\u5e78\u798f\u201d, which means \u201cto feel content sexually\u201d.<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5f62\u8c61<\/td>x\u00edngxi\u00e0ng<\/td>adj.\/adv.<\/td>vivid; vividly<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u751f\u52a8<\/td>sh\u0113ngd\u00f2ng<\/td>adj.\/adv.<\/td>lively; vividly<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u63cf\u5199<\/td>mi\u00e1oxi\u011b<\/td>v.<\/td>to describe<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6bb5<\/td>du\u00e0n<\/td>m.w.<\/td>measure word (for passage, paragraph, time, etc.)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5e72\u90e8<\/td>g\u00e0nbu<\/td>n.<\/td>cadres; government officials<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u7f16<\/td>bi\u0101n<\/td>v.<\/td>to make up (jokes, jingles, etc.)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u517c<\/td>ji\u0101n<\/td>v.<\/td>to hold two or more posts or to play two roles at the same time; and (connecting two titles)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u79d8\u4e66<\/td>m\u00ecshu<\/td>n.<\/td>secretary<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5806<\/td>du\u012b<\/td>m.w.<\/td>pile<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>mi\u00e1osh\u00f9<\/td>v.<\/td>to describe and narrate<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u98ce\u6c14<\/td>f\u0113ngq\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>ethos; the general mood (of a society)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u7981\u6b62<\/td>j\u00ecnzh\u01d0<\/td>v.<\/td>to forbid<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6027\u522b<\/td>x\u00ecngbi\u00e9<\/td>n.<\/td>gender<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6b67\u89c6<\/td>q\u00edsh\u00ec<\/td>v.\/n.<\/td>to discriminate; discrimination<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u591a\u5e74\u524d<\/td>du\u014dni\u00e1n qi\u00e1n<\/td>t.w.<\/td>many years ago<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49<\/td>z\u012bb\u011bn zh\u01d4y\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>capitalism<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49<\/td>sh\u00e8hu\u00ec zh\u01d4y\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>socialism<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6ce8\u91cd<\/td>zh\u00f9zh\u00f2ng<\/td>v.<\/td>to lay emphasis on<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5206\u914d<\/td>f\u0113np\u00e8i<\/td>v.<\/td>to allocate<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u771f\u6b63<\/td>zh\u0113nzh\u00e8ng<\/td>adv.\/adj.<\/td>truly; authentic<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u9762\u8c8c<\/td>mi\u00e0nm\u00e0o<\/td>n.<\/td>appearance (of things); look; aspect<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u6293<\/td>zhu\u0101<\/td>v.<\/td>to catch<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u8001\u9f20<\/td>l\u01ceosh\u01d4<\/td>n.<\/td>mouse; rat<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5f15\u7528<\/td>y\u01d0ny\u00f2ng<\/td>v.<\/td>to cite<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u53d8\u5473\u513f<\/td>bi\u00e0nw\u00e8ir<\/td>v.<\/td>to get distorted<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u4e0d\u62e9\u624b\u6bb5<\/td>b\u00f9z\u00e9sh\u01d2udu\u00e0n<\/td>idm.<\/td>by hook or crook (derogatory term)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5192\u72af<\/td>m\u00e0of\u00e0n<\/td>v.<\/td>to offend (superiors, gods, taboos); to incur (displeasure)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5c24\u5176<\/td>y\u00f3uq\u00ed<\/td>adv.<\/td>in particular; especially<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/td>ch\u01d0d\u00f9<\/td>n.<\/td>(lit.) measurement; limitation or tolerance (of free speech, etc.)<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u8bb8\u591a<\/td>x\u01d4du\u014d<\/td>attr.<\/td>many; a great deal of<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u786e<\/td>zh\u00e8ngzh\u00ec<\/td>n.<\/td>political correctness\u2014conforming to a belief zh\u00e8ngqu\u00e8 that language and practices which could offend political sensibilities (e.g. sex, race, religion, etc.) should be avoided.<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u79cd\u65cf<\/td>zh\u01d2ngz\u00fa<\/td>n.<\/td>race<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u5815\u80ce<\/td>du\u00f2t\u0101i<\/td>n.\/v.<\/td>abortion; to induce abortion<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u67aa\u652f\u63a7\u5236<\/td>qi\u0101ngzh\u012b k\u00f2ngzh\u00ec <\/td>N.P.<\/td>gun control<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/td>x\u00ecny\u01ceng<\/td>n.<\/td>creed; belief; conviction<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u907f\u514d<\/td>b\u00ecmi\u01cen<\/td>v.<\/td>to avoid<\/td><\/td><\/tr>
\u4e89\u53d6<\/td>zh\u0113ngq\u01d4<\/td>v.<\/td>to strive for; to fight for<\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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