{"id":28,"date":"2023-02-03T17:18:24","date_gmt":"2023-02-03T17:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/paper\/?page_id=28"},"modified":"2026-08-03T12:42:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T16:42:21","slug":"%e6%b3%95%e6%b2%bb","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/thinkingonpaper\/%e6%b3%95%e6%b2%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 6: Guanxi, Favors, and the Rule of Law \u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u4eba\u60c5 \u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f3a\u4e4f[3] \u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u9020\u6210\u8d2a\u8150[4] \u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6709\u201c\u62c9\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d70\u540e\u95e8\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u62c9\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d70\u540e\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6309\u7167[5] \u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f[6] \u6765\u529e\u4e8b[7] \uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9001\u793c\u3001\u8bf7\u5ba2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53[8] \u7684\u624b\u6bb5[9] \u6765\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u6253\u4ea4\u9053[10] \u3002<br \/>\n\u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5348\u9910[11] \u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b98\u5458\u5982\u679c\u6536\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u5403\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u996d\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5e2e\u4eba\u529e\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8150\u8d25\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u53e5\u8001\u8bdd[12] :\u201c\u62ff\u4eba\u624b\u77ed\uff0c\u5403\u4eba\u5634\u8f6f\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u672c\u6765\u662f\u975e\u6cd5[13] \u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u6536\u4e86\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u8d2a\u5b98\u5728\u5904\u7406[14] \u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u201c\u7741[15] \u4e00\u53ea\u773c\uff0c\u95ed[16] \u4e00\u53ea\u773c\u201d\uff0c\u5047\u88c5[17] \u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4e70\u5356[18] \u4ea4\u6613[19] \u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u996d\u684c\u4e0a\u8c08\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8bf7\u5ba2\u3001\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u8f7b\u677e[20] \u6109\u5feb[21] \u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u50cf\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u573a\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8d5b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u50cf\u5728\u6218\u573a[22] \u4e0a\u6253\u4ed7[23] \uff01<br \/>\n\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u89c6[24] \u4eba\u60c5\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u5f80\u6765\u5e38\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u9001\u793c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\u3002\u65b0\u670b\u53cb\u521d\u6b21\u89c1\u9762[25] \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u5e26\u4e00\u4efd[26] \u201c\u89c1\u9762\u793c[27] \u201d\uff0c\u800c\u9001\u793c\u53c8\u5f97\u8bb2\u7a76[28] \u201c\u793c\u5c1a\u5f80\u6765[29] \u201d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u4e86[30] \u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u8d2a\u6c61\u8150\u5316\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<table class='vocabulary_list'><tr><td>\u4eba\u60c5<\/td><td>r\u00e9nq\u00edng<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>a favor done for someone<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4eba\u60c5<\/td><td>r\u00e9nq\u00edng<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>a favor done for someone<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7f3a\u4e4f<\/td><td>qu\u0113f\u00e1<\/td><td>v.<\/td><td>to lack; be deficient in; be short of<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8d2a\u8150<\/td><td>t\u0101nf\u01d4<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>embezzlement and corruption<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6309\u7167<\/td><td>\u00e0nzh\u00e0o<\/td><td>prep.<\/td><td>according to; in accordance with<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td><td>ch\u00e9ngx\u00f9<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>procedure<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u529e\u4e8b<\/td><td>b\u00e0nsh\u00ec<\/td><td>v.-o.<\/td><td>(lit.) to handle affairs; to act<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6b63\u5f53<\/td><td>zh\u00e8ngd\u00e0ng<\/td><td>adj.<\/td><td>legitimate; (of behavior, etc.) correct, proper<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u624b\u6bb5<\/td><td>sh\u01d2udu\u00e0n<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>(illegal) measures, mean or dirty tactics<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6253\u4ea4\u9053<\/td><td>d\u01ce ji\u0101od\u00e0o<\/td><td>v.-o.<\/td><td>to come into contact with; have dealings with<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5348\u9910<\/td><td>w\u01d4c\u0101n<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>lunch<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8001\u8bdd<\/td><td>l\u01ceohu\u00e0<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>old saying; adage<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u975e\u6cd5<\/td><td>f\u0113if\u01ce<\/td><td>adj.<\/td><td>illegal<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5904\u7406<\/td><td>ch\u01d4l\u01d0<\/td><td>v.<\/td><td>to handle (a problem); to deal with<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7741<\/td><td>zh\u0113ng<\/td><td>v.<\/td><td>to open (one\u2019s eyes)<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u95ed<\/td><td>b\u00ec<\/td><td>v.<\/td><td>to close (one\u2019s eyes)<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5047\u88c5<\/td><td>ji\u01cezhu\u0101ng<\/td><td>v.<\/td><td>to pretend; to feign<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4e70\u5356<\/td><td>m\u01ceim\u00e0i<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>(lit.) buy and sell; business<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4ea4\u6613<\/td><td>ji\u0101oy\u00ec<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>deal; trade<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8f7b\u677e<\/td><td>q\u012bngs\u014dng<\/td><td>adj.<\/td><td>relaxed; at ease<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6109\u5feb<\/td><td>y\u00faku\u00e0i<\/td><td>adj.<\/td><td>happy; joyful; cheerful<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6218\u573a<\/td><td>zh\u00e0nch\u01ceng<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>battlefield<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6253\u4ed7<\/td><td>d\u01cezh\u00e0ng<\/td><td>v.<\/td><td>to go to war<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u91cd\u89c6<\/td><td>zh\u00f2ngsh\u00ec<\/td><td>v.<\/td><td>to take sth. seriously; to attach importance to; to value<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u521d\u6b21\u89c1\u9762<\/td><td>ch\u016bc\u00ec ji\u00e0nmi\u00e0n<\/td><td>phr.<\/td><td>to meet for the first time<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4efd<\/td><td>f\u00e8n<\/td><td>m.w.<\/td><td>classifier for gifts, newspaper, magazine, reports, contracts, food, etc.<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u89c1\u9762\u793c<\/td><td>ji\u00e0nmi\u00e0n l\u01d0<\/td><td>n.<\/td><td>a present given to sb. upon first meeting<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8bb2\u7a76<\/td><td>ji\u01cengji\u016b<\/td><td>v.<\/td><td>to be particular about (food and clothing\/manners\/ hygiene)<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u793c\u5c1a\u5f80\u6765<\/td><td>l\u01d0sh\u00e0ngw\u01cengl\u00e1i<\/td><td>idm.<\/td><td>(lit.) courtesy\/friendly politeness demands reciprocity<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u590d\u6742<\/td><td>f\u00f9z\u00e1<\/td><td>adj.<\/td><td>complicated; complex<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f3a\u4e4f[3] \u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u9020\u6210\u8d2a\u8150[4] \u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6709\u201c\u62c9\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d70\u540e\u95e8\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u62c9\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d70\u540e\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6309\u7167[5] \u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f[6] \u6765\u529e\u4e8b[7] \uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9001\u793c\u3001\u8bf7\u5ba2\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53[8] \u7684\u624b\u6bb5[9] \u6765\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u6253\u4ea4\u9053[10] \u3002 \u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u6ca1\u6709\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u5348\u9910[11] \u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b98\u5458\u5982\u679c\u6536\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u5403\u4e86\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u996d\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5e2e\u4eba\u529e\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8150\u8d25\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u53e5\u8001\u8bdd[12] :\u201c\u62ff\u4eba\u624b\u77ed\uff0c\u5403\u4eba\u5634\u8f6f\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u672c\u6765\u662f\u975e\u6cd5[13] \u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u6536\u4e86\u8d3f\u8d42\uff0c\u8d2a\u5b98\u5728\u5904\u7406[14] \u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u201c\u7741[15] \u4e00\u53ea\u773c\uff0c\u95ed[16] \u4e00\u53ea\u773c\u201d\uff0c\u5047\u88c5[17] \u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4e70\u5356[18] \u4ea4\u6613[19] \u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u996d\u684c\u4e0a\u8c08\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8bf7\u5ba2\u3001\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u8f7b\u677e[20] \u6109\u5feb[21] \u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u513f\u50cf\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u573a\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8d5b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u50cf\u5728\u6218\u573a[22] \u4e0a\u6253\u4ed7[23] \uff01 \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u89c6[24] \u4eba\u60c5\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u60c5\u5f80\u6765\u5e38\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u9001\u793c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\u3002\u65b0\u670b\u53cb\u521d\u6b21\u89c1\u9762[25] \u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u5e26\u4e00\u4efd[26] \u201c\u89c1\u9762\u793c[27] \u201d\uff0c\u800c\u9001\u793c\u53c8\u5f97\u8bb2\u7a76[28] \u201c\u793c\u5c1a\u5f80\u6765[29] \u201d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u4e86[30] 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