{"id":44,"date":"2022-01-24T17:54:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-24T22:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/?page_id=44"},"modified":"2022-05-03T12:17:55","modified_gmt":"2022-05-03T16:17:55","slug":"diary-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/diary-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Diary"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Week 1 Summary &#8211; [Alexandra]<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In our first class, we put together a list of objectives. We want to learn how to use hand tools, learn the language and technology related to motorcycles, learn how an engine works, restore the motorcycle, and have some experience with computer-aided design. We will be reading two books for the course: Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance as well as Shop Class As Soulcraft. Professor Littman explained that in each class we will have discussions led by a student discussion leader. Every week, different students will adopt the role of the scribe to record a summary of the week or the role of the photographer. Our discussions will be broken up into two parts: motorcycle references and the content of the book itself.<\/p>\n<p>We also discussed the possible different groups that students will be working on for the semester during the process of building the motorcycle. They will be as follows: top end, bottom end, electrical and frame, wheels, carburation, and detailing. After our discussion, the class went to visit the lab and then walked over to the bunker to see a fully built motorcycle and watch Professor Littman start it up. Professor Littman explained a bit about the mechanics of the bike. He explained that the throttle controls the carburetor and enumerated the pros and cons of having a high pipe. The advantage is that it is unlikely to run into anything on rough terrain, but the disadvantage is that its height makes it more likely for the rider to burn him or herself.<\/p>\n<p>In our second class, we started by discussing the introduction and chapter one of Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. We discussed the introduction, in which the author delves into the failures of his book. The first failure is that the ending is unclear because of first-person narration, while the second failure is that Phaedra in Latin does not mean wolf. We discussed the motorcycle terms mentioned in chapter 1.<\/p>\n<p>A full choke is when you cover the opening of the carburetor and that allows raw gasoline to get sucked into the engine. This is good for starting the engine, but if you have too much choke, then the engine will flood. The spark plug will get wet with gasoline and will not be able to get a spark. The solution to this issue is to pull out the plugs and let the gasoline air dry.<\/p>\n<p>Another term we defined and discussed was a kickstarter, which is a pedal that you kick to start the engine. In addition, we defined points, which are small and made out of hard metal like titanium. Professor Littman explained that when points separate, the movement causes a spark. Another technical term we learned was a plug, an insulated gap between the central contact and a piece of metal. Sparks jump across plugs. Then, we discussed the content of chapter one, including John Sutherland\u2019s aversion to technology, how being in a car is akin to being a passive observer of the environment, and how motorcycles allowed the rider to be in direct contact with nature. After the discussion section ended, we went down to the lab to take a lab safety course and exam.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Week 2 Summary &#8211; [Audrey Zhang]<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>For our third class, we talked about how motorcycles can &#8220;seize&#8221; if materials expand and get stuck together. Also, we learned that if you use your motorcycle more, the friction will wear down the parts enough for the motorcycle to work more smoothly. We discussed motorcycle parts such as tappets (which make a clicking sound if the clearance is not smooth), the feeler gauge, and the importance of adjusting valves for motorcycle maintenance.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Extracting energy out of the explosion is also something we discussed:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2153 efficient combustion engines<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This much goes to motion<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2153 goes to exhaust<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u2153 goes to heating up the engine<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We also divided up into teams:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top end<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">David, Zayvinn, Anlon <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bottom end\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kate, Will, Gabby<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frames and forks\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kayla, Gillian<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheels + frames spill-over\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Erin, Luke, Cal, Leighton<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Electrical &#8211; carburetor\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hannah, Elazar, Caroline <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Detailing\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Audrey, Alexandra, and Magnus<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For our fourth class, we read two articles about the Terrier:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/310\/2022\/01\/turner.pdf\">Terrier Designer Turner Article<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/310\/2022\/01\/terrier1954.pdf\">Motorcycle Review Article about 1954 Terrier<\/a><\/p>\n<p>John led us through the discussions of the two articles. For the Turner Article, we discussed how the Terrier had an emergency start function, which the article praised.<\/p>\n<p>We also learned that a 2 cylinder motorcycle has <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">horizontally opposed cylinders, which means there will be no vibration on the motorcycle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>We talked about the function behind belts, chain tensioners, and cooling systems on machines. Motorcycles are air cooled while cars are water cooled. Cast iron is also something we discussed: the porousness of the metal holds more oil, which is great for lubricating a system.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Week 3 Summary Part 1 (2\/07\/22) &#8211; [Gillian Rosenberg]<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><b>1:30 &#8211; 2:15 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We examined the models of the engines. Four cylinders vs one cylinder, but they do the same thing. We looked at the sparkplug, the pressure buildup, the valve timing and ignition timing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2:15 &#8211; 2:45 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zen and the Art of Motorcycle discussion<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 5 Motorcycle notes:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chrome: shiny plating, pure metal<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A shim:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The clamp for our handlebars has a ring that gets squeezed together. When it is fully squeezed it is smaller than the tube. Two ways of fixing this: 1. File it. 2. Add a shim.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The shim makes the handlebar diameter a little large. Aluminum is the perfect material for this.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Flipping handlebars:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It means that they rotate or are in a funny position.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The reason for the clamps is to prevent this rotation<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 5 philosophical notes:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why would John refuse to use the metal?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John sees what something is instead of what it means, like the narrator<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Related to the classical vs romantic thought<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John likes to think that there is one right answer and one way of solving things.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John uses his emotion when making decisions instead of going with the practical answer.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Trying to define what is Art is tough.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John is a musician and so he approaches things through a certain perspective.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even the narrator is in the trap himself, of cutting things with a knife.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s not that artists can\u2019t understand science and scientists can\u2019t understand art. A willingness is necessary.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chris was diagnosed with some kind of mental illness. John and syliva have a changed attitude towards them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2:45 &#8211; 4:20 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lab time:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We took a picture outside and began taking apart the motorcycle, starting with the handlebars and frame and moving towards the top and bottom end.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Week 3 Summary Part 2 (2\/09\/22) &#8211; [Gillian Rosenberg]<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><b>1:30-2:00 Review of last week:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top end\/bottom end: working on pulling the motor out. Took off the oil feed line first. There were two oil lines that went through. Valve covers had to come off. Took off the battery box as well. 3 bolts holding it together.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Frame group: We got the handlebars off and took off the brakes. Triple tree. There were springs down the fork tubes. Coil springs with heavy steal. We took apart the ball bearings.<\/li>\n<li>Wheels: worked with the frame group so they could detach the wheels. Top and bottom clamp on the front axel. Real axel is threaded and held in with two nuts. Hubs are in pretty good shape but the rims are all rusted.<\/li>\n<li>Carburetor and electrical: Took the carburetor out that was connected to the throttle. Clutch cable went through the battery box.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 6 Motorcycle notes:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Internal threading (ex: a nut) that is stripped: looks like the threads were ripped out. Occurs from overtightening. Loosen the nuts on the read wheel so the rear wheel can move back and forth.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Feedback system: The speed of some parts affects some actuation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rectifier: We will use a full wave rectifier on our motorcycle.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Air cleaner: The air cleaner is necessary for cleaning out the carburetor.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shock absorber: a combination of a spring and a damper. Grease and oil is the damper in the front tubes. This motorcycle has no damper on the rear.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Power delivery system: how the power goes from the engine to the wheels (chain, unit construction,\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Philosophical notes: \u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Classical outlook vs romantic outlook: Viewing the parts vs viewing the whole.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 7 Motorcycle Notes:\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All metals have some level of oxygen. When the exhaust pipe gets hot it turns blue.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Philosophical notes: \u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Syliva and John only seem to be present in the negative things, but not the negative things.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>2:40 &#8211; 3:00 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fusion 360<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>3:00-4:20 &#8211; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Motorcycle work<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Week 4 Summary: Part 1 &#8211; Katie\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Review from the last lesson:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top-end &amp; bottom-end<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The two groups took the head off of the engine, but <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the head was somewhat stuck, even after the nuts were removed. This was likely due to time and possibly due to a vacuum between the cylinder sleeve and the head. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There was a raised cylinder sleeve inside, which probably helps reduce leakage of oil. It was removed in the later Tiger Cub models and was likely removed for a cheap way to increase the volume of the engine. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This helped the company maintain the same casting while increasing the engine volume but possibly sacrificed the oil sealing function. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The piston was inscribed with the number 0.020, meaning it had been bored 0.020in over the standard diameter. If a new piston needs to be purchased, it is important that the bore has been taken into account.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frame<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The frame group continued working to take the rest of the frame apart, particularly the back wheel assembly. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several of the nuts were very stuck, so it took a lot of time and patience. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, the frame group degreased many of the parts with steel brushed and worked to remove the grime that had built up on the surfaces.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheels<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The wheels team learned to use the sandblaster to clean parts with chipped paint, corrosion, or rust. A sandblaster works by pushing sand and air at high pressure against the parts from the frame and wears away the paint and rust on the surface. It works by using a\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">pressurized air hose that sucks sand into the airflow, which moves at a high velocity towards the part being cleaned. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The part could not be too close to the sand because it could be bent, or even have a hole punched through it.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are internal gloves in order to protect the user\u2019s hands, which also have to stay far enough away from the pressurized air to avoid making a hoe<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Detailing<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The detailing team also worked with the sandblaster and learned about the different grit materials that can be used in place of sand, like cornhusk! They a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">lso cleaned parts with the sandblaster and discovered they had to kick the machine to get the sand moving into the air hose. This is because the sand got stuck inside of the funnel.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carburetor\/ electric<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The carburetor\/ electrical group took apart the carburetor. The slide and the main jet were pretty stuck, and the group had to delicately remove the pieces. Old carburetors are notoriously difficult to take apart because they are easily corroded. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If the gasoline does not get drained when you put the motorcycle away for a season, the carburetor can easily get gummed up and stuck together. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The brand of the carburetor is a particular make and model, and it is not specified in the diagram shown in the Terrier Parts Catolog. This needs to be taken into account if replacement parts need to be ordered. A diagram of the carburetor can be found on the\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Terrier Spare Parts Catalog on page 50.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Dynemometers:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A dynamometer machine can be used to determine the power in a motorcycle, or in our case, a wheel<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A rope pulls on the motor shaft to attempt to slow it down, and once it is moving, the top rope will have a higher tension than the bottom rope. There is a pulley on the output shaft of the motor for the rope to rest on, to prevent it from moving along the output shaft.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Torque can be defined as \u201ctwisting force,\u201d and the torque on this motor is the diameter of the pulley multiplied by the difference in tension between the top and bottom rope<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the rope is pulled back\/ tensioned, a graph plots the rope tensions versus the speed of the motor<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are two graphs produced:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1) Power vs angular velocity, 2) rope tension (or torque) vs angular velocity<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The torque of a system is the force multiplied by the angular velocity, so one graph is the linearized version of the other.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The graphs determine the point where the motor has the highest torque, and where you can efficiently fun a motor (or a motorcycle!)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is a graph with dynamometer data for our motorcycle on the data page of our website that compared the values provided by Triumph with experiential data from a student.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Book Discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Motorcycle references<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If the rod to the crankshaft is loose, it can also make a false \u201ctappet\u201d sound, and if the rod falls out there can be major engine damage. This \u201cconnecting rod\u201d can connect the crankshaft to the piston. Tappet sounds are very common, especially if the engine is cold and the parts have not experienced much thermal expansion. Because of this, it is important to understand the machine and pay attention to the small details.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Running the engine at high altitudes is different than at sea level, and users need to be able to diagnose issues<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Looking at the sparkplug corrosion\/ color changes can demonstrate what is wrong with the engine, especially if it is from external conditions like soot, ash, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Points can become pitted, and bike users should be prepared to identify and fix this issue. Points are the electrical contacts in the starter, and there is a small spark every time they open and close. If the points are pitted, or domed inward, they cannot function properly and create a start. This can be fixed easily with<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a point file, and they can be made flat again.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Content &#8211; Chapter 8<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some people view a motorcycle as simply a physical object, but Persig believes that it comes out of the mind and nature<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All of the forms of the motorcycle come from human minds, and even steel comes from nature<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Like people who cannot see ghosts, some people cannot see beyond the physical world<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mechanics usually have an \u201corganized chaos\u201d in their shop, and while it may not make sense to an outsider, moving one thing can mess up the system<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Auto mechanics have to be precise and careful observers, not just knowledgeable about the subject<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Machines are to mechanics as bodies are to doctors. Not every machine is the same, so mechanics do not like when people move things around because specific systems are important to remember the specifics of each machine<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John brings up news about professors being fired for being too radical<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He says that his name must be on the list, but he means the name of Phaedrus rather than his current name<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Persig&#8217;s previous life, (or really Phaedrus) he was a teacher and had a nervous breakdown, which resulted in the change in his identity and the course of his life<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, John and Sylvia do not understand because they do not know about Persig\u2019s past<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Content &#8211; Chapter 9<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The main theme of the chapter is the scientific method, both relating to motorcycles and to life<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fixing a motorcycle is like a series of experiments, as one experiment conclusion leads you to another until you can finally diagnose the problem with the machine<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You have to use deductive or inductive reasoning<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Deductive: it only misfires going over bumps, therefore the bumps cause the misfire<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inductive: if the battery is suspected to be dead and you know the battery powers the horn, the horn can be tested. This requires internal knowledge of the motorcycle\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The tedium of science and attention to detail<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cThe real purpose of the scientific method is to make sure Nature hasn\u2019t misled you into thinking you know something that you don\u2019t actually know\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You have to find smaller questions to answer, for example, you cannot just say \u201cwhy isn\u2019t it turning on.\u201d That can be a start, but you have to find small questions that can be more easily answered (like the horn example) to come to a conclusion for the larger question<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Week 4 Summary: Part 2 &#8211; Katie<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><b>Review from last class:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The engine groups cleaned out the engine in the parts cleaner using orange oil. There was so much gunk on certain parts of the engine that parts were hard to remove (like the shifter). Finally, the front plate of the engine were removed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carburetor and electrical<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The carb\/ electrical group continued taking apart the carburetor. They particularly focused on the float, which is the fuel regulator, and moves fuel into the carburetor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frame<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The frame subteam continued sandblasting parts of the frame to remove rust and old paint.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In most motorcycle frame designs, there is no gooseneck design because the front is a stress point<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheels<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The wheel team continued cleaning and sandblasting<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Detailing<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Continued cleaning and degreasing the machine<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Determining the top speed of the motorcycle<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Starts with determining the top speed of the crankshaft<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Volume is 149 c.c. and 28.5mm is the radius of the bore<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8 bhp (break horsepower) at 6,000 rpm<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We now need to determine how fast the wheels are moving to find the maximum speed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">6,000 rpm is 100 rps (revolutions per second). The smaller sprocket moves at 100 rps, and we must determine the ratio between the small and big sprocket to determine the large sprocket rps<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Engine sprocket has 19 teeth, and the clutch sprocket has 48 teeth<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This means the clutch sprocket has a speed of (19\/48)*100 rps. This is around 39.6 rps<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Finally, we must figure out the ratio between the the gearbox sprocket and the rear wheel sprocket. The clutch sprocket and the gearbox sprocket have a 1:1 ratio, and thus no calculation is needed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The gearbox to rear wheel ratio is 17 to 48 teeth, or (17\/48)*100. This gives us 35.5 rps<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Radius of the wheel is around 1ft, and the radius is 2pi feet, or 6.28ft<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">33.5 rps and a 6.28ft wheel gives us a result of 88ft per second\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">88ft per second is about 60mph, meaning the maximum speed of the engine in high gear is 60mph<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Motorcycle references<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why does a motorcycle backfire when it is starting\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Running lean, meaning the carburetor is clogged and there is not enough fuel reaching the engine. It can be fuel rich or fuel lean, but in both cases the stoicheometric ratio is off. Lean fuel can make backfires because the sparkplug goes off, but the fuel does not ignite as fast. When it backfires it ignites when the intake is open, and the fuel is pushed out of the intake rather than the exhaust. This greatly slows down the motorcycle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is the opposite of problem 1, because the fuel is too rich, and it becomes so hot it can autoignite when it reaches the oxygen in the exhaust pipe. This can create flames in the exhaust pipe<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Running low grade fuel, which can create a lean mixture<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clogged jets, which can also create a lean mixture<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Timing issues mean the sparkplug is firing at the wrong time, causing fire to come out of the intake of the exhaust pipe<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Incompatible exhaust pipes or upgrades can also cause lean or rich fuel<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The small changes that happen over time to the motorcycle, a priori<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The gaps between the shoe and the drum can grow as the shoes are worn down, and this can reduce braking capabilities over time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Disc breaks versus shoe breaks, shoes push out against the drum in a circular motion to creat friction, and discs work different but also create friction<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hydraulic breaking systems on cars do not allow you to feel when the breakpads are worn out, but the shoe breaking systems on old motorcycles will allow the handle to move further if the shoes are worn out.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Content &#8211; Chapter 10<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus and the narrator discuss Einstein\u2019s opinions on scientists being misunderstood<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus view science as the \u201cproducer of social chaos\u201d\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is an unconventional view, especially because the last chapter just examined the scientific method<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He believed that the more we question, the more unknowns we have<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This could be because Phaedrus doesn\u2019t like change, not because he doesn\u2019t like progress<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Crossing one hypothesis off partially can add more questions, but can also teach us more about the world around us (like proving the earth revolves around the sun is only part of the truth, because there are many other planets and moons, etc)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chaos can be confusing ideas, but is not necessarily a bad thing<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chaos and knowledge<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The more we know, the more we understand we are insignificant, which can be scary<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus wants to feel safe and in the place he understands, ignorance is bliss<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The natural flow of things is to find out more, even if it make you feel insignificant because humans are curious\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Insignificance can also make you feel free and remove some of the weight on your shoulders<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus has a very logical way of thinking, and discoveries that seem to defy logic can upset and confuse people who do not understand it, just like John and Sylvia with motorcycles<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Content &#8211; Chapter 11<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How does Phaedrus think about philosophy and the hierarchy of knowledge<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everything leads to philosophy, and it is labeled the \u201chigh country of the mind\u201d where the philosophical questions rest<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can somebody who grew up with no senses have thoughts in their head<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inductive vs deductive approach to reasoning<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hume: There would be no thoughts because sense perception is the way we learn, reality is simply a shared hallucination<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kant believes that reasoning allows people to process their thoughts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Used a motorcycle to illustrate the different ideas<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A motorcycle handlebar can be viewed from different angles, and you will not be able to understand until you see from all angles<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you use deductive reasoning, you can look at the handlebar from one angle and then use your knowledge to draw conclusions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">One idea comes out of the other, and not everything depends on the sense, but both start with the senses<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Time and space<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Intuition for interpretation of senses<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not in imagination, but how you interpret senses to rationalize what you are seeing and understanding<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A priori<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Means \u201cfrom prior knowledge, \u201d and the direct translation is \u201cfrom the former\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Follows Kant\u2019s idea of synthesizing ideas that you have, like the handlebar example<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If we were to see everything through the Hume lens, we would be confused when we blink, but because we can know that things continue we take a more Kant view<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Week 5 Summary: Part 1 &#8211; Kayla<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><b>Monday:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Review of last week:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top End: Took out the valves. Valves are held closed by heavy springs, which are attached to the valve stem. When it\u2019s compressed the collars can be pulled off, and the valve is released. The stem was slightly bent, so it may need to be replaced.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bottom End: They took off the covers on the other side of the engine. Had some difficulty removing the fasteners, and needed to use an impact screwdriver in doing so. Oil leaked out everywhere. It was also discovered that the chain was a simplex, rather than a duplex chain which is used to prevent any stretching. The simplex chain had indeed stretched.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carb\/Electrical: They continued cleaning the carburetor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frame: The frame group continued degreasing the frame and handlebars, which will soon be ready for sandblasting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheels: Removed the tires from the rim using a tire iron. Had to work across the circumference. Then they documented positioning of the spokes, so it could be restrung correctly. Spokes were removed with a spoke wrench, they were loosened and unscrewed. Some of the spokes were only able to be removed after the tire was off. The hubs were kept, but the rims and spokes will eventually be thrown out.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Detailing: Worked with bondo, which is a hardening agent that can be used to smooth out dents. It was tested on an old mud-guard, and took 20 minutes to dry. This will next be sanded.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Combustion Chemistry: <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gasoline is a mixture of many different molecules, but at the center is octane. There is an energy release from it when it is burned. We looked at various graphs of air\/fuel ratio. The graphs track CO, HC, and NOx levels, and highlight what the best ratios of each are.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Engine calculations: <\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C8H18 + 12.5O2 -&gt; 8 CO2 + 9H2O<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exothermic reaction (meaning energy is released). With the correct ratio, the tailpipe will emit carbon dioxide as well as water vapor. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">44k joules of energy released for every gram of octane that is burned. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why gasoline? The energy released is very high.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Why does the pressure go up if you light a fuel and air mixture? <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Because PV = NRT. Temperature increases when the mixture is lit. Temp goes up by a factor of 7, so pressure goes up by a factor of 7 as well within the engine. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In our engines, if the compression ratio is initially 10:1.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pressure pushes the pistons. The force = area of the piston x pressure distance. This is measured in pounds per square inch, and this is also the driving factor.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, a 200 cc engine burning oxygen and octane mixture at the correct ratio produces 50 horse power. The engine efficiency is only 25%, because a lot gets released as heat and is not entirely efficient (like a lot of gas engines). See document on the website for details of the calculations of this.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Book Discussion: <\/strong><strong>Chapter 12<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">DeWeese is different than John and Sylvia in their attitudes towards technology<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus and DeWeeses have opposing viewpoints but respect each other, and are interested in each other. This is counter to the idea that classical and romantic thinkers can get along. The world isn\u2019t one or the other, it\u2019s a spectrum.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Story of the table: Phaedrus glued and reattached a corner of the table that was falling off, and made a joke that it was a sculpture\/art. DeWeese believed Phaedrus, and thought it was cool, and saw the beauty of it. Again touching on the divide between classical and romantic viewpoints.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another story: Phaedrus was concerned that his favorite students were failing, which concerned him because he viewed them as the most similar to him. DeWeeses thought this was funny.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus went to India and didn\u2019t understand their eastern philosophy, and gave up on trying to understand it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are similarly aligned, compared to the eastern religions. Objective vs subjective view, which comes together in the eastern philosophy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Chapter 13: <\/strong><strong>Content<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus says that the school system tells people to teach and teach until they fade away and have become boring. Phaedrus says that the education system is not necessarily compatible with everyone. There is a difference between school and the pursuit of knowledge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The church of reason: a church was turned into a bar. Debates of whether it\u2019s a holy place or not. He says it\u2019s not a church, it\u2019s just a building. What makes it a church is the thought: the rational examination made there. Without it, there is no thought\/reason left.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus then discusses what a real university is. He says that there is no university\/school or accreditation without reason or seeking truth. These are the origins of philosophy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus was insecure in his understanding\/knowledge, which drives him to pursue a subject (doubt is essential). Phaedrus has a lack of faith in reason, which made him a fanatic teacher.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Week 5 Summary: Part 2 &#8211; Elazar<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The balanced chemical equation for the burning of gasoline: gasoline is a hydrocarbon (CH18) and it reacts with oxygen (12.5xO2). These two react, and the product is water and CO2. Nitrogen is present in the air but not involved in the reaction. Because it is part of the combustion process, the nitrogen will break down. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fuel &gt; air = rich. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fuel &lt; air = lean. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">See the \u201cData\u201d page for calculations<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diesel engines don\u2019t have spark plugs. Rather, they ignite based off pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Engine knock: If fuel is of poor quality (low octane), it doesn\u2019t need the spark plug to ignite. If the fuel ignites too early, you\u2019ll get an explosion without a spark. This sounds like a knock.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reports from Lab<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top end: We examined the valves. We started by looking at the valve stems and valve seats. Although the valve seats are in relatively good condition, we still want to re-cut it. We read up on how to use the cutter to cut new seats, but have not done so yet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bottom end: It was a little bit slow. We had to be very careful. We took off the pistons &#8211; this was a very difficult process because we didn\u2019t want the piston to get scratched. The sleeve was stuck. After that, we had to secure the cam shaft because we were trying to loosen parts of the transmission. We took the head of the engine and put it upside down and used a bbq brush to hold the cam shaft and prevent it from moving around.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carb: We put the carburetor into the glass beater. In order to do so, we had to remove a little wire part, and we had to figure out how to put it back on afterwards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frame: Continued cleaning frame.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Highlights: tried to remove grease on one of the covers, and used sandpaper to smooth out another piece. One piece has a crack in it, and will need to be filled with J B weld.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jon provided a milling demonstration for the class.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Book Discussion<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 14<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The narrator is staying with DeWeese, and delivers a Chautauqua to him, his wife, and some of his guests.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The narrator is rediscovering parts of Phaedrus\u2019s past.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Big theme of the chapter: what makes us us?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The narrator sees DeWeese as \u201can image\u201d from his past, not a person that he remembers. It is as if he is meeting him for the first time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s almost as if the narrator is researching his past life, not interacting with other people on a purely human level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">DeWeese is more open to change than the other people around Phaedrus.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Assembly of Japanese bicycles &#8211; what is this discussion about?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Peace of mind for the mechanic &#8211; you don\u2019t rush, you take your time. Rushing will only have bad consequences.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dialectic speech and rhetoric<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 15<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">John and Sylvia leave. While the narrator\u2019s motorcycle is being worked on, he returns to his old classroom, and many memories come back to him.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Interaction with Sara<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What is Quality?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Week 6 Summary: Part 1 &#8211; Kayla<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Review of last week:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top End: We finished taking apart the head, as well as cleaning it with the parts cleaner. We also cleaned the Cylinder with the parts cleaner, as well as the valves using Scotch Brite and the lathe. We determined everything\u00a0is in great working condition and almost ready to be sandblasted and eventually put together.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bottom End: With some difficulty, they removed the crank pinion gear. Engine is now emptied out and ready to be cleaned. All that remains is the oil pump.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frame: More sandblasting of the frame!<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheels: Finished taking off all the spokes, which will allow them to separate the hubs. The axle nuts were difficult to remove.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carb\/electrical: They cleaned a bunch of parts: Used emery paper to clean the needle, the choke, and a bunch of other little parts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Detailing: Cleaned parts, welded the inside of the cover of the mudguard.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Friction<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are 2 types&#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Viscous friction. It is velocity dependent: higher velocity means more friction.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coulomb friction (stick shift friction). It is independent of velocity. A breakaway force causes the object to slip (or stick slip).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>F = \u00b5N<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The force at which an object begins to slide is the coefficient of friction times the normal force.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Going up an incline, depending on the angle and the coefficient of friction, an object can only go so far before it begins to slip back. This is why a locomotive cannot go up a hill (because it would slip).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Torque = radius x force<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Looking at a wheel, we want to figure out the torque on the rear wheel where the wheel <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">just <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">slips. We need to first find out what the down force from the motorcycle on the wheel is.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since it\u2019s about 150 pounds total on each wheel. Doing some calculations, the torque that causes a wheel to slip is about 20 foot pounds at the crank for the first sprocket. We need to find the torque on the larger sprockets too, and if we add that up, it\u2019ll equal 150 foot pounds. The size of the clutch basket is determined by the amount of torque needed on black wheel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Torque indicator tool<\/span>: Professor Littman did a demonstration of how to use this tool.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chain is slipping while the main hub\/chain is not moving. That\u2019s what a slip clutch is. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The clutch lever pushes a pin, which releases the engine from the transmission. This protects the engine in case the transmission ever gets locked. It is re-tightened with the spring on the sides of the hubs, which are pushed in by the hubcaps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Demonstration with a page of a book inside (surface area demo): The more surface area there is, increases the force at which an object slips. This idea is then translated with the clutch basket having multiple plates interspersed on either side with brake pads around the edges (which serve to increase the coefficient of friction), which allows for a smaller engine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Book Discussion \u2013 Chapter 16<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The main character and his son are near their school.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The narrator talks about the theory of grades, and how they interfere with the pursuit of knowledge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is interesting to examine PDF classes in the framework of a system that is grade based. On one hand, it takes the pressure off of grades and allows for learning for the sake of learning. On the other hand, if you are the only person PDFing the class, then it is still a grade based structure that you are partaking in. It is better for a PDF class to be designed as a PDF class.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some people do need the structure of grades to be successful, not only a matter of interest. There is no one system that works for everyone.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Humanities vs. Science may make a difference. For science you NEED to know how to calculate things, and can\u2019t really do away with grades and risk people slacking off.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He speaks about a strategy for what to do when you have writer&#8217;s block: there\u2019s a student who works hard but doesn\u2019t know what to write a paper on. She begins with a large, general topic, and he tells her to focus on something smaller and smaller (one brick on one building). Eventually she can write once, because she is focusing on something really specific.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some people shared a bit about their experiences in writing seminar<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Week 6 Summary: Part 2 &#8211; Elazar<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prof. Littman posted a new copy of the motorcycle bible on the Canvas site.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reports from Lab<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top end: Last time, we finished cleaning off the head and barrel and started preparing the parts to be sandblasted. It was more work than anticipated since there are so many small pieces. We also started to learn about the rectifier.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bottom end: On Monday, we started by taking off the oil pump. We thought there were four springs and balls but it turned out there were only two. We took out part of the gears and started to count the teeth on the transmission to make sure they lined up correctly. After that, we took out all the smaller parts of the engine. Right now we\u2019re ready to clean everything.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frame\/fork: We were continuing to sandblast the frame, and we finally figured out how to get the sand to stay in the middle. We had some trouble with the sandblaster but we got help from Al.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carburetter\/electrical: We kept cleaning the carb parts and got them ready to hopefully be put back together today, and maybe tested &#8211; but that\u2019s less likely. We didn\u2019t have too much trouble &#8211; we had to find one replacement gasket.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheel\/breaks: We worked on the bearings, hub, and rear wheels. We had some difficulty getting the front wheel bearings out.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Detailing: We looked at how to use automotive paint.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jon presents his transmission spreadsheet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Professor Littman speaks about the mechanics of the transmission, carburetor, and alternator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Book Discussion &#8211; Chapter 17<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climbing the mountain &#8211; discussion gets deeper. Getting closer to the definition of \u201cquality\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Quality exists, but you can\u2019t define it &#8211; \u201chaywire\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You know quality when you see it &#8211; similar to the infamous line from Potter Stewart<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students were angry that Phaedrus assigned prompts he couldn\u2019t answer himself<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tips on how to make a good argument, how to have a good essay<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climbing the mountain not for yourself but for the sake of the mountain itself &#8211; critique of his son but also a statement about values and philosophy more generally<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cLife is a journey, not a destination\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To the untrained eye, both types of climbing appear the same. But they are incredibly different. Similar to the narrator\u2019s view of the motorcycle versus John and Sylvia\u2019s &#8211; they are looking at the same thing but what they see is totally different<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Phaedrus was very driven to answer philosophical questions. Most people are not<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Week 7 Summary: Leighton<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Book Discussion\/Summaries:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 18: The main theme of this chapter is the nuanced idea of quality. Despite his overly rational definition-seeking approach, the idea is undefinable, although the narrator begins to have thoughts on the topic &#8211; especially appreciating the value of quality on the artistry of the world, saving it from becoming \u201csquare\u201d. He also sees quality as critical to the divide between the classic and romantic, and the term itself exemplifies this: it cannot be understood through the classic, rational way of thinking as it cannot be defined. There is also a continued focus on the father-son relationship &#8211; as Chris does not behave well throughout the hike, his father\u2019s reaction\/opinion on this behaviour changes, growing increasingly negative.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chapter 19: The chapter begins with a meaningful, symbolic dream &#8211; the narrator is separated from his wife and children by a glass door and does not open it even when Chris asks. This is significant for the development of their relationship, as it shows the narrator worries about Chris\u2019 anxiety of being so distant and separated from his father figure, and he potentially is responsible. Phaedrus continues to be occupied by the idea and definition of quality &#8211; particularly with the question of whether it is subjective or objective, first concluding that it is neither but all three exist separately, and then later deciding quality is neither because it is what enables subjectivity and objectivity altogether. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Weekly Updates from Wednesday:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bottom End:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bearing inside one of the engine plates that needs to be replaced (not smooth even after cleaning)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Had to get that out, multi-part process that took longer than expected\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Crank shaft also not moving correctly on the axis\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need to make sure that the fly wheel is balanced (centered)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Connecting rod can\u2019t be skewed, otherwise will result in a wobble\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Going to work on those two issues today<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frame and Fork Group:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Routine day on Monday\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cleaning and sandblasting various remaining parts of the frame\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today starting on degreasing the forks, quite messy and going to be a longer process<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carb \/ Electrical Group:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Monday were working on finishing the carburetor and trying to get it to fit on the 1956 Terrier<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">First time we&#8217;ll be using this sort of carburetor\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheel Group:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need to sandblast the other hub<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clean in the bearings\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Will go in with a wire brush\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mechanical Discussions:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Question: How can you fix damaged threads?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Option 1: Make an insert with an internal thread\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Existing hole becomes bigger\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Option 2: hyla coils (looks like a spring)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need the same number of threads per inch<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Again, threads are a whole science and very complicated : must be very careful to avoid damaging in the first place\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the bottom end screws is damaged and will have to be fixed\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mushrooming: bolts are elastic, if you hit them very hard they will deform<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Balloons at the top\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Threads get pushed together and you can\u2019t screw things in<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, thread on a nut and hit the nut instead (nut makes certain the threads stay the right distance)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sometimes best to avoid the hammer on the precision parts\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fluid Dynamics:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Professor Martenelli coming a week from today\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Expert on fluid dynamics<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Also with a student who has been working on designing race cars, sailboats and airplanes<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">All through computational fluid mechanics<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Relevant for our understanding of aerodynamics<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Combustion:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">7 to 1 combustion ratio<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Question: How much force would it take to push the piston from bottom dead center to top dead center?<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consider atmospheric pressure at the bottom vs top (factor of 7 x 15lbs per square inch) and area of the piston (estimated 5 sq inches)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another factor of 7 when you explode the gas<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">500 lbs of force pushing up the piston\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3500lbs of force pushing down\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simple calculations but very important for engineers to consider &#8211; thinking in advance about potential problems\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sometimes intuitive but helpful to apply math to find out exact numbers<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rotor and stator:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stator made up of Cables on the outside, middle is a magnet. 3 sets of 2.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To start a motorcycle, voltage is needed for the spark. One cable for spark, one for lighting, one for horn<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Different wire diameters. Fine wire for ignition. Coarse wires for lighting and horn<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Red wire is the ground wire\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When you spin it, goes positive and then negative (aka an alternator)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Property of moving magnets\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As it enters the field goes up, exits goes down<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Plotted: Voltage vs time<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amplitude went higher : rate of change in a magnetic field is proportional to the voltage\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Question: How do you charge a battery?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our motorcycle battery is DC: direct current<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can\u2019t put AC in and expect it to charge : positive then negative switches cancels out\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Need a diode (only allows a lot of current in one direction, very small amount in the other)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Doesn\u2019t start to conduct until you reach a certain limit<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thus one way to charge a battery: Use the output of the alternator and put a diode in series with it and\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Better way to do it: use four diodes instead<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Can be done with one but more efficient with all four\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Full wave rectifier bridge\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Question: What causes the increase in the voltage is a change in the current\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Power charges up the capacitor\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once fully charged, no current flowing<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Subsequent magnetic change\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Week 8 Summary: Luke<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><b>Reports from Lab:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During the week, the <\/span><b>Top End<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> re-tuned and started up the old motorcycle. The speedometer was hanging down and touching the exhaust pipe, but the motorcycle ran! They polished the inside of the barrel and measured its diameter. Also learned about lapping: Using a slightly abrasive compound, you put a valve in the engine and turn the valve to mesh them together. The <\/span><b>Bottom End <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">got the bearing out using the arbor press and had to weld the engine case to eventually create brand new threads. The old threads no longer work.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Frames and Forks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> group sanded down parts of the frame, primed once again to prep for painting, and started cleaning the battery packs and oil tanks. The <\/span><b>Wheels\/Brakes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">group took out a final bearing in the hub. They checked that the bearings accepted the wheel nut. Note: The retaining plate that holds the bearing has two. One bearing in the plate is a right-hand thread, and the other is a left-hand thread. This is intentional and focused on going forward and backward.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b>Carb\/Electrical <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">team hooked up our carburetor to one of the other motorcycles and got it to work. Then they started looking for an ignition switch and other parts of the electrical system. We need a stator that fits around the rotor snugly. <\/span><b>Detailing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> worked on designs, as well as used bondo and cleaned more parts to prep for painting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Meeting with Professor Martinelli:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Professor Martinelli discussed fluid flows (like air\/water) and how they oppose motion. One example is drag. The more organized the flow around an object, the less the drag. When organized motion becomes more turbulent and chaotic, drag increases. Besides drag, lateral, lifting, and downward forces are also possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Internal combustion engines are based on fluid mechanics (internal and external fluid mechanics are both relevant). One relevant term is the Venturi effect: shows relationship of the change in kinetic energy\/velocity of the fluid (the starting velocity\/pressure\/area\/etc. Has to come out the other side). Also relevant is convective heat transfer: a method to make heat flow from engine to outside to keep the engine cool. Of note, the rate of heat removed is proportional to the area times coefficient times the difference in temperature. You can increase heat transferred by increasing the area (such as the fins on the engine). You can use the energy balance for the fins to find their optimal thickness and spacing. And you can guess the flow along the underside of the car to give it downward force using the Venturi effect (most F1 cars use this more than wings). However the flow rate can change and cause the car to pop up and down.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other notes were that you first check designs in 2D, where there are lift and drag forces. Then, in 3D, there are additional factors. For example, for planes, these forces bunch up at the tip of the wing where forces meet, spiral, and vortex. This is why planes have to wait more time for takeoff.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A major takeaway is that there&#8217;s always a reason for what you see.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Book Notes:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In chapters 20 and 21, the main theme of this chapter is quality and how it encapsulates everything. It is above classical\/romantic ways of thinking. It is so simple that it cannot be defined.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pirsig discusses Tao Te Ching, where Lao Tzu discusses how the way guides everything. Phaedrus also used Lao Tzu\u2019s book as a basis for his thinking about quality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pirsig continues that quality is its own entity, and that it is interrelated with nature and is outside of objective\/subjective. It connects time to quality and how the past is more classical quality and the present is a more romantic version of quality.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the plot, the narrator doesn\u2019t want to go up to the peak because Phaedrus had said he would meet Chris at the top. The narrator is spooked because Phaedrus is starting to appear, and decides not to pursue Phaedrus any further.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In chapters 22 and 23, the author focuses on Poincar\u00e9 and how his ideas integrate the theoretical and practical aspects of Phaedrus\u2019 theory about quality. The paradox is that there are more than two different ways of looking at geometry. There is no best, it is just whichever works best in different situations. Pirsig discusses the theory of relativity and non-euclidean geometries, which represent our universe better than Euclidean geometries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Discusses revolution in science with the end of absolutes. When Poincar\u00e9 dies, relativity and quantum mechanics are getting started, no absolute space, substance, magnitude, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The narrator and Chris continue to travel west, although the narrator is tired at the end of chapter 22, and short with Chris. In chapter 23, Phaedrus is in a coffin and is trying to reach out but can\u2019t.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Week 9 Summary: Will<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Meeting with Bill<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bill gave a presentation on the history and components of motorcycle wheels. He explained how properties like the speed of the motorcycle, force on the wheels, weight of the wheels, material used in the wheels, and other characteristics affected the design and progress of the wheel throughout history. Furthermore, he detailed how the differently positioned spokes served different purposes depending on the direction and orientation of the wheels\/motorcycle.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reports from Lab:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Top end<\/span>: finished putting together the head and worked with the valves to get them positioned correctly. David worked on the orange bike and cleaned out an oil leak and gasket. He will continue working on the electrical wiring.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Bottom end:<\/span> went down to the machine shop and used cutting fluid and sand paper to lap scratches off the side cover. This helps to prevent oil leaks from the engine. Counterbored a broken screw hole on engine casing with Glen&#8217;s help. Next class will continue polishing side covers.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Frame:<\/span> worked on degreasing and sanding fork tubes. Found a hole that could pose problems with putting the frame back together.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Electrical:<\/span> cleaned distributor to get rust and oil off it. The distributor is an important component that affects the timing and sparking.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Wheels:<\/span> put bearings into the wheel hub and used grease gun to make the rotation smoother with Bill&#8217;s help. Started lacing the spokes and had to counterbore the holes because some spokes were a bit too big for the holes.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Detailing:<\/span> Audrey made a design for a hoodie. Also worked on sanding paint off the oil tank.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Book Notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Chapter 24 focuses on the concept of &#8220;stuckness.&#8221; The narrator emphasizes the importance of being stuck, similar to the importance of failing, as it helps people develop problem solving skills. We discussed personal experiences with being stuck and how taking a break from a problem can help one develop a creative solution to the issue.<\/p>\n<p>Chapter 25 discusses the romantic aversion to technology produced by classic reason. The narrator explains that technology is not bad. However, if people are not interested in the art of technology and its creation, then it prevents a craftsman from identifying with their work. The narrator also emphasizes that &#8220;peace of mind&#8221; is necessary to truly appreciate technology. He details different types of &#8220;quietness,&#8221; including body, mind, and values. This is similar to &#8220;being in the zone&#8221; when working on a problem or playing a sport as one is only focused on their goal.<\/p>\n<p>Chapter 26 focuses on the idea of &#8220;gumption,&#8221; which is what motivates an individual to pursue their goals like maintaining a motorcycle. However, a person can fall into &#8220;gumption traps&#8221; that drain their motivation. These traps are divided into two categories: &#8220;setbacks&#8221; and &#8220;hang-ups.&#8221; Setbacks come from external circumstances, such as missing parts or misassemblies of a motorcycle. However, hang-ups arise from within the individual and include &#8220;truth-traps,&#8221; &#8220;muscle traps,&#8221; and &#8220;value traps.&#8221; The narrator particularly warns against having rigid values as it could prevent a person from reevaluating problems and truly understanding.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Week 10 Summary: David<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reports from Lab:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top End<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: On Monday, they finished up the head by putting the other rocker in, reconnecting the oil lines to the top, and putting the valve covers back on. Finally, they made sure all the holes were clear by blasting them with air.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bottom End:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They finished polishing all the side covers, and buffing still needs to be done. They used a press to install the main ball bearing on the crankshaft.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frame:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They finished priming both fork tubes and drilling them. Today, they are ready to paint the tubes. While cleaning fork tubes, the sandblaster tip had busted a hole. A spare tip was fitted to the gun.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Electrical:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Last class, they worked on the timing and distributor. The motorcycle still needs the timing adjusted, and to find the right advance timing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheels:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Monday, they finished lacing the second wheel meaning both wheels are now laced with the right spoke pattern. Today, they will work to true the wheel, balance it, and make sure it rotates well.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Detailing:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They have been working on the hoodies. The class settled on a black and white design to simplify the production process.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Book Notes<\/span>:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shop Class As Soulcraft<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><b>Introduction<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Matthew Crawford got a Ph.D. in political science and worked for a think tank for a little while, but then decided to spend his time working on motorcycles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This part centered on what is valuable work. An interesting parallel is when we go to interviews, they don&#8217;t actually care what grades you have, but rather what skills and interests you have. In the think tank world, he felt that was not intellectually stimulating for him, and it was when he was working on motorcycles that he was able to reach that level.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Comments over the hood of a car &#8211; Mercedez and a lot of cars don&#8217;t have dipsticks, and there is almost this hood under a hood. This is because the manufacturers want to hide away the technology. In the older models, they had public catalogs, but then they realized people would take those for granted and so they stopped open-sourcing those<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He discusses trade school as closing yourself off to other possibilities. This is because you gain a very specific skill, and you only apply that in your future jobs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He also explains he&#8217;s trying to make a case for the trades (skills) as valuable. There is a great value in hand-made things, like art, especially in the context of a machine shop<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><b>Chapter 1<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Having hobbies are generally not economically valuable, but it is the process of doing them, not the result, that matters. At this point, you&#8217;re not buying something that was mass-produced in a factory. Instead, you&#8217;re doing something meaningful and adding value to the world. An example from the book is how some restaurant workers were wearing shirts from his shop-bringing him a sense of pride.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Narcissist vs repairman: the narcissist is prone to magical thinking, but repairmen put themselves in the service of others and fix things that others depend on. In this case, the repairman is a more humble job and gives him a sense of pride in the work he does.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diagnostic: a repairman needs to ask a washing machine what it needs. Related to this is the notion of problem finding vs problem-solving. To work as a repair person, you must do something analytic and diagnostic which requires problem finding. This is a higher-level skill than problem-solving from a textbook.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><b>Chapter 2<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There is the Smith Hughes from 1917 with two purposes. The first is to educate all children, the second is to educate children about knowledge workers in the shop environment. This was called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taylorism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which allowed us to use less-skilled workers in order to achieve the same level of quality product in the end.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the first year of the assembly line, people would stick it out for a month or two until they would leave in disgust. In order to solve this, they went from $2.5 a day to $5 a day. They initially thought Ford was a socialist at this, but he later said it was the highest cost-saving action he took.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ultimate message<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Work that engages the human capacities as fully as possible<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Week 11 Summary &#8211; Gabby<\/h3>\n<p><u>Reports from the Lab<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Top End<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Used high heat capacity spray paint to paint the barrel black<\/li>\n<li>David continued his work on the other motorcycles , mostly removing bad solder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bottom End<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Went to the MAE shop to press out old ball bearing and press in a new ball bearing<\/li>\n<li>Cleaned seals<\/li>\n<li>Looked for new fasteners to replace damaged ones<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Frame Fork<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installed ball bearings that are part of the steering assembly (upper, lower)<\/li>\n<li>Drilled out holes\/areas on the frame for install<\/li>\n<li>Started assembling the front end to include the fork tubes and springs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Carb<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Looked for ignition coil hardware<\/li>\n<li>Cut wires to prep them for wiring to the carburetor and battery box respectively<\/li>\n<li>Considering adding a switch to the battery box<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Wheels<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Used dremel to shave down some protruding spokes, one wheel completed<\/li>\n<li>Working on bearings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Detailing<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ordered supplies for the wheel rims<\/li>\n<li>Sand blasted a fender<\/li>\n<li>Painted more parts<\/li>\n<li>Primed the battery box<\/li>\n<li>Need to do more work on the fenders<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tucker showed us his working fuel injector a few weeks ago and gave us an update on how its progressing<\/p>\n<p><u>Book Discussion-Chapters 3, 4, 5<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Chapter 3 &#8211; To Be Master of One&#8217;s Own Stuff<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This chapter has a section called agency vs autonomy\n<ul>\n<li>In this section the meaning of being self sufficient is explored and how that leads to ones ability to control what happens in their world.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Important to note that the author defines things and devices uniquely in this chapter<\/li>\n<li>To relate the chapters concepts to motorcycles, we discussed the hand pump vs the kickstarter and how things transitioned or evolved giving the function more autonomy.\n<ul>\n<li>The hand pump for oil was replaced by an oil pump<\/li>\n<li>The kickstarter system was replaced by an electric starter\/switch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Negatives to consider when going automatic\n<ul>\n<li>There is always something lost and something gained<\/li>\n<li>No matter how advanced technology becomes, being aware of functionality and needs of a system is still vital<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chapter 4 &#8211; The Education of a Gearhead<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This chapter discusses job field compatibility<\/li>\n<li>We spoke about the theme in the chapter about temperament being more important, and how sometimes people gravitate to things they aren&#8217;t naturally good at.\n<ul>\n<li>The author says &#8220;different kinds of work attract different human types.&#8221; If we find a type of work that is fitting we are lucky.<\/li>\n<li>important quote: &#8221; The work a man does, forms him.&#8221; Life choices aren&#8217;t that simple and struggling with what job to select is common.<\/li>\n<li>The battle between what we want to do vs what we should do<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The stochastic arts &#8211; things that are always doomed to fail\n<ul>\n<li>Medicine, treating patients ailments when all humans eventually die<\/li>\n<li>fixing things &#8211; fixing an object knowing that it will ultimately fail again<\/li>\n<li>Motorcycle repair falls in this category<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Opposite of stochastic arts &#8211; constructing something\n<ul>\n<li>to be a builder and create something<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Chapter 5 &#8211; The Further Education of a Gearhead: From Amateur to Professional<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The decision for the author to turn away from his Phd towards his passion<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;The idiotic mechanic&#8221;\n<ul>\n<li>making mistakes while fixing motorcycles, but learning along the way<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>When working on someones motorcycle, do you fix it to satisfy yourself or to make it operational again<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Week 12 Summary &#8211; Zayvinn<\/h3>\n<p><u>Reports<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Frame Fork<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>One of the fork tubes was binding<\/li>\n<li>The bronze bushing was tight so the prof turned them down a little<\/li>\n<li>Bushing is at the bottom of the tube and on the inner forks\n<ul>\n<li>The forks slide on a tube like a trombone and a spring keeps it centered<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Carb<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Got the motorcycle going and looked for battery box arts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\\Wheel<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pressed the bearings in farther and put a retaining ring and dust cover<\/li>\n<li>Used tool to squeeze it and then put it in\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Can put the inner tube and tires on today\n<ul>\n<li>Prof will work with them<\/li>\n<li>Has spare inner tubes in case they mess up<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Detailing<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Started stenciling badges\n<ul>\n<li>Will finish them today<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Found new shiny badges<\/li>\n<li>Using a different tank with a strut in the middle for rigidity<\/li>\n<li>Group Model T pictures wooo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Book Discussion-Chapters 6, 7, 8<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Contradictions of the Cubicle \u2013 Writing abstracts for a company<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Had to skim the readings down to compress into an abstract<\/li>\n<li>He was thinking without doing which is opposite of what he wanted<\/li>\n<li>Message:\n<ul>\n<li>Setting these standards for the industry corrupts the industry<\/li>\n<li>The company had no competition so there were no objective measures of doing a good job<\/li>\n<li>Manager made comment that the measure would be based on the market\n<ul>\n<li>If it wasn\u2019t good, it wouldn\u2019t sell<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The metric was just how many abstracts were written<\/li>\n<li>He didn\u2019t enjoy it because he felt it was useless<\/li>\n<li>What college was for:\n<ul>\n<li>Teamwork was more important than their specific skills<\/li>\n<li>There\u2019s no correlation between degree result and how well you worked in the company<\/li>\n<li>College was a certification of discipline<\/li>\n<li>Discipline not just to work but also to be a subordinate<\/li>\n<li>It\u2019s about credentialling not about education\n<ul>\n<li>Compares to trade education since they learn tangible skills<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Prepares you to be a mid-level person<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Goals of Princeton: Creation of new knowledge and education for leadership<\/li>\n<li>Difference between a Crew and a Team:\n<ul>\n<li>A team is where it\u2019s harder to measure individual contribution and skills are muddled<\/li>\n<li>A crew has individual skill and can separate everyone\u2019s contributions<\/li>\n<li>Size of a team matters for the roles and dynamics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thinking as doing \u2013 Knowing that vs knowing how<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Knowing that is understanding conceptually<\/li>\n<li>Knowing how is knowing the hands on<\/li>\n<li>Ohm\u2019s Law and muddy boots\n<ul>\n<li>Can know V=IR but you also need to know how to apply it<\/li>\n<li>WD-40 and Volkswagen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Cars have diagnostic systems\n<ul>\n<li>Customers can think the wrong thing is wrong<\/li>\n<li>Makes job harder for mechanics since they just need to look<\/li>\n<li>But it also helps customers know that something is wrong in general<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Anecdote about kid who never learned how to take a square root without a calculator\n<ul>\n<li>Doesn\u2019t know what\u2019s wrong when calculator gives wrong answer<\/li>\n<li>Applies to engineering\n<ul>\n<li>Need to have basic understanding to make sure results make sense. Stress and fluid analysis for example.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Learn how to think rather than how to do<\/li>\n<li>Have to go back to the basics to reinforce what you know<\/li>\n<li>Firefighter vs Chess master\n<ul>\n<li>Pattern Recognition<\/li>\n<li>Rule based\n<ul>\n<li>Following a decision tree<\/li>\n<li>People don\u2019t work this way<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Need flexibility in thinking<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Work, leisure, and full engagement \u2013 Why he chose to be a motorcycle mechanic<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Desk job means you\u2019re seeking leisure time<\/li>\n<li>Mechanic means you\u2019re seeking gratification from within your job<\/li>\n<li>Establishing Community\n<ul>\n<li>Banks lost connection with their customers<\/li>\n<li>Better when banker knew the customer personally through the community<\/li>\n<li>He liked having relationship with his customers directly and could see the products of his labor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Some jobs are not able to be measured objectively\n<ul>\n<li>There are objective measures in the trades<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Failure makes you humble<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>From the spoon to the city<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Week 1 Summary &#8211; [Alexandra] In our first class, we put together a list of objectives. We want to learn how to use hand tools, learn the language and technology related to motorcycles, learn how an engine works, restore the motorcycle, and have some experience with computer-aided design. We will be reading two books for &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/diary-2\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Diary&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":765,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-44","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/765"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44"}],"version-history":[{"count":51,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":528,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/44\/revisions\/528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/motorcycle-s22\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}