Category Archives: Unrestricted

Viceroyalty of Peru

Caption

Viceroyalty of Peru

Summary

This map of South America shows the boundaries of the Spanish viceroyalty of Peru in around 1542
compared with modern borders. It also indicates how it was later subdivided:

  • Viceroyalty of New Grandada, after 1717
  • Viceroyalty of Peru, after 1776
  • Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata, after 1776.

Source

Prepared for the Mapping Globalization] project by Anandaroop Roy.

The map was originally designed for the exhibition “Tesoros/Treasures/Tesouros: The Arts in Latin America, 1492-1820”,
Philadelphia Museum of Art, July 2006 [1].

Series

This map is one of a series:

Copyright

© 2006 Anandaroop Roy

Used here with the kind permission of Anandaroop Roy (June 29, 2007).

View of Earth from Apollo 17, 1972

Caption

Full Earth

Summary

View of Earth from space.

Image AS17-148-22727. Photograph taken: 7 December, 1972.

“View of the Earth as seen by the Apollo 17 crew traveling toward the Moon.
This translunar coast photograph extends from the Mediterranean Sea area to the Antarctica South polar ice cap.
This is the first time the Apollo trajectory made it possible to photograph the South polar ice cap.
Note the heavy cloud cover in the Southern Hemisphere.
Almost the entire coastline of Africa is clearly visible. The Arabian Peninsula can be seen at the Northeastern edge of Africa. The large island off the coast of Africa is the Malagasy Republic. The Asian mainland is on the horizon toward the Northeast.” [1]

Source

NASA [2]

Copyright

Public domain This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the United States Code.

NASA requests that it be acknowledged as the source of its material.
See also [3].

US Overseas Trading Commitments 1930s-1990s

Caption

US Overseas Trading Commitments 1930s-1990s

Summary

This globe shows trade agreements with the US from the 1930s to the 1990s.
US routes of exports and imports from the two decades, the 1930s and the 1990s, are also indicated.

===Inset===
Caption: Comparative Growth of National GDP 1965-1990

This bar graph shows the National GDP growth from 1965 to 1990.

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 1999. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien. (p. 243)

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.
Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

US Security Commitments post-1945

Caption

US Security Commitments post-1945

Summary

This map shows the areas where the United States signed pacts and/or alliances (NATO) from 1945 to 1981.
This globe displays US territories, areas of US intervention: military, economic and political.

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 1999. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien. (p. 242)

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.
Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

University foundations, 1250-1450

Caption

University foundations, 1250-1450

Summary

This map shows the locations of European universities founded before 1450, and gives the foundation dates for those which were founded after 1250.

Borders as of 1430 are also indicated.

Copyright status

Copyright © Times Books 2007
Reproduced from The Times Complete History of the World by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.

Licensing

All rights reserved

Source

The Times Complete History of the World (2007), p. 158.

US Intervention in Latin America since 1945

Caption

US Intervention in Latin America since 1945

Summary

This map shows US and USSR intervention, militarily, politically, and economically, from 1946 to 1994 in Central, South America, and Cuba.

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 1999. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien. (p. 259)

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.
Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes with the World

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes with the World

Summary

Shows total Major U.S. Trade Routes (and Seaports) with the World from its North and South Atlantic Ports, North and South Pacific Ports, Gulf Ports, and Great Lakes Ports. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 75)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – United Kingdom and Continent

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. North Atlantic Ports and United Kingdom and Continent

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. North Atlantic Ports and United Kingdom and Continent. Also shows U.S. South Atlantic Ports, U.S. Gulf Ports, U.S. Pacific Ports, Great Lakes Ports and Western Europe. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 15)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – West Africa

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Ports and West Africa

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Ports and West Africa. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 29)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – South and East Africa

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. Atlantic Ports, U.S. Gulf Ports and South and East Africa

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. Atlantic Ports, U.S. Gulf Ports and South and East Africa. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 27)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – The Far East

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Ports, and The Far East

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Ports, and The Far East. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 43)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – Mediterranean

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. North Atlantic Ports, South Atlantic and Gulf Ports, Great Lakes Ports and Mediterranean

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. North Atlantic Ports, South Atlantic and Gulf Ports, Great Lakes Ports and Mediterranean. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 65)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – Scandinavian and Baltic (including Newfoundland, Greenland and Iceland)

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. North Atlantic Ports and Scandinavian and Baltic (including Newfoundland, Greenland and Iceland)

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. North Atlantic Ports and Scandinavian and Baltic (including Newfoundland, Greenland and Iceland). Also shows U.S. South Atlantic Ports, U.S. Gulf Ports, U.S. Pacific Ports, Great Lakes Ports and Western Europe. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 13)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – Indonesia-Malaya

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Ports, and Indonesia-Malaya

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Ports, and Indonesia-Malaya. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 33)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – East Coast South America

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. Atlantic Ports

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Ports, and East Coast South America. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 7)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – India, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Ports and India, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Ports and India, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 35)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

United States Cholera Route – Epidemic of 1832

Caption

United States – Cholera Route – Epidemic of 1832

Summary

The map was made to contrast the pattern of diffusion that was evident in the cholera epidemic of 1873, when railways were
an important vector.

This map was compiled by Ely Mc.Clellan, Assistant Surgeon USA. McClellan’s maps were published in Woodworth, J.M. (1875) “The cholera epidemic of 1873 in the United States.” House of Representatives. 43d Cong. 2d Session, House Ex. Doc. No. 95.

Source

The image is from the National Library of Medicine
Cholera Online exhibit
[1].

The NLM obtained the image from
Pictures of life and character in New York.
New York : G.W. Averell, 1875?.

Copyright status

Public license

The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. This photograph of the work is also in the public domain in the United States (see Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.).

Collection

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – Australia-New Zealand

Caption

United States Essential Foreign Trade Routes – U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Ports, U.S. Pacific Ports, and Australia-New Zealand

Summary

Shows Major Trade Routes (and Seaports) between U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Ports, U.S. Pacific Ports, and Australia-New Zealand. Imprint: Prepared by Division of Management Office of Budget and Management.

Source

Essential United States Foreign Trade Routes (p. 31)

U.S. Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, 1963.

Copyright

Public Domain

Tropical Cyclone Frequency, 1980 to 2000

Caption

Tropical Cyclone Frequency, 1980 to 2000

Summary

This map shows the frequency of cyclones in areas all over the world.

After forming above the ocean, cyclones can move to populated land and cause much damage.

Source

United Nations Environment Programme / GRID-Arendal[1]

Cartographer/Designer: Emmanuelle Bournay, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Primary Source:

  • PREVIEW Global Cyclone Asymmetric Windspeed Profile
  • UNEP/GRID-Europe

Copyright

© 2006 UNEP / GRID-Arendal

Licensing

Used with permission.

For use constraints, see [2].

Series

This map is one in a series For a listing with flyovers, see Series:UNEP / GRID-Arendal.

UN Membership and Peacekeeping Operations, 1946 to 1986

Caption

UN Membership and Peacekeeping Operations

Summary

This globe shows UN members, grouped by the year they joined, from 1946 to 1988.
The key with numbers points out numerous sites of peacekeeping missions.

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 1999. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien. (p. 266)

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.
Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

Trafficking Waste Stories, 2006

Caption

Trafficking Waste Stories, 2006

Summary

This map shows illegal waste trafficking around the world, indicating waste producers, regions/states where illegal waste dumping has been proved, zones that suffer major conflicts, regions where small arms traffic has developed, and waste shipment routes.

Legend indicates:

  • OECD countries (main hazardous waste producers)
  • States or regions where illegal waste dumping has been proven (not comprehensive)
  • Major current conflict zones
  • Regions where small arms (related) traffic is particularly developed
  • Major illegal waste shipment routes from Europe (as reported by IMPEL)

Source

United Nations Environment Programme / GRID-Arendal [1].

Cartographer/Designer: Emmanuelle Bournay.

Primary sources:

Iman Shebaro, Hazardous Waste Smuggling: A Study in Environmental Crime, TRACC website;
IMPEL-TFS Threat assessment project: The illegal shipment of waste among IMPEL member states, 2006;
Legambiente; The Guardian, 14 October 2004; Human Rights Watch 1999 Report, Human Rights, Justice and Toxic Waste in Cambodia;
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2006; and Small Arms Survey 2005.

Copyright

© 2006 UNEP / GRID-Arendal

Licensing

For use constraints see
[2].

Series

This map is one in a series:
For a listing with flyovers, see Series:UNEP / GRID-Arendal.

Transmission Routes of Cholera, the most devastating illness of the 19th Century

Caption

Marschroute der Cholera, der verheerendsten Krankheit des 19ten Jahrhunderts.

Literally: Marching Routes of Cholera, the most devastating illness of the 19th Century.

Summary

This world map, which was published in 1849, shows “cholera on the march”. It was one of the first published maps to show the transmission of a disease on a global scale.

The cholera transmission map is an inset map in a larger work that also includes maps on elephantiasis, small pox, and consumption.
This larger map may be the oldest extant map to show the global distribution of disease.

Details

Some of the main transmission routes shown on the map are as follows:

  • Calcutta (1817) – Canton (1820) – Peking (1821)
  • Calcutta (1817) – Sumatra (1819) – Java (spelled Djava) (1819-23)
  • Calcutta (1817) – Lahore (1819 and 1828) – Kabul (1829) – Khiwa (1829) – Kasan (1830) – Archangel 1831
  • Bombay (1818) – Ceylon (1819) – Mauritius/Bourbon (1819)
  • Bombay (1818) – Basra (1821) – Eastern Mediterranean (1823) – Cairo (1831) – Darfur (n.d.)
  • Berlin – Scotland (1831)
  • London – New York 1831
  • London – New Orleans 1831

Note on Priority

Frank A. Barrett argues that the first world map of human disease was created in 1792 by the German physician L.L. Finke. He also points out that another German physician, Friedrich Schnurrer, presented a world disease map in 1827. Schnurrer’s map attempted to show the world distribution of yellow fever, plague and cholera.

Brigham’s 1832 A Treatise on epidemic cholera includes a map that effectively shows the progress of cholera throughout the world, though it is not a complete world map.

References

Frank A. Barrett (2000). Permalink11px.gifFinke’s 1792 map of human diseases: the first world disease map?DOI. Social Science & Medicine Volume 50, Issues 7-8, 1 April 2000, Pages 915-921.

Brigham, A. (1832) A treatise on epidemic cholera. Hartford: H. and F. J. Huntington.

Source

The cholera transmission map is an inset in Planiglob Zur Ubersicht der Geographischen Verbreitung Der Vornehmsten Krankheiten, in
Dr. Heinrich Berghaus’ Physikalischer Atlas oder Sammlung von Karten, 1849.

Source

The inset map is derived from the image in the David Rumsey Collection [1].

The map is also available online from the Harvard University Library [2].

Copyright status

The David Rumsey image is Copyright © 2000 by Cartography Associates.

Licensing

Public license

The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years. This photograph of the work is also in the public domain in the United States (see Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.).

Collection

Transportation Routes Between the United States and Other American Countries, 1899

Caption

Transportation Routes Between the United States and Other American Countries

Summary

Map shows railways in operation and projected; proposed locations for intercontinental railway according to surveys made; proposed extensions for intercontinental railway according to surveys projected; steamship lines with calculated distances in nautical miles. Additional information on density of population in South America is also provided.

Note: Central and South American railway lines from report of Intercontinental Railway Commission.

Produced by the U.S. Treasury Department, Bureau of Statistics. Printed by The Norris Peters Co., Washington D.C.

Copyright

Out of Copyright

Trading Networks 150 BC-AD 500

Caption

Trading Networks in Eurasia 150 BC-AD 500

Summary

This map shows the extension of the trade routes from Europe along South/Central Asia ending in Southeast Asia.

Legend indicates:

  • Trading Networks 150 BC-AD 500:
    • Silk Road
    • Other trade route
  • Traded Goods:
    • aromatics and drugs
    • copper
    • coral
    • everyday textiles
    • fine cotton cloth/garments
    • fine stone and metal vessels
    • furs
    • gems
    • glassware
    • gold
    • grain
    • horses
    • incense
    • ivory
    • jewellery and cut gems
    • lacqueraware
    • luxury textiles
    • peacocks
    • pearls
    • silk
    • slaves
    • spices
    • statuary
    • tin
    • tortoise-shell
    • wine
    • wood
  • Nomad group
  • Boundary of contemporary political entity
  • Port/trading town
  • Place mentioned in The Periplus (Greek sailing manual)
  • Roman trade colony
  • Monsoon wind
  • Great Wall of China

The Silk Road was a main route for the export and import of medicinal products and spices, as well as silk, particularly during Greco-Roman times.

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 2002. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien.

Chapter 2. The Medieval World: “East Asia in the Tang Period 618-907,” page 72.

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Ltd. Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History.

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series:
This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

Traditional Hazards, New Risks, c. 2002

Caption

Environmental Health Risks

Summary

World map shows traditional and new environmental hazards (sized according to significance of risk), to which especially children are exposed in 2002.

Legend indicates symbols for:

  • Lack of safe water, sanitation and hygiene
  • Indoor air pollution from solid fuel use
  • Urban outdoor air pollution
  • Lead and other hazardous chemicals
  • Malaria and other vector-borne diseases
  • Child injuries (such as road accidents)

“This simplified overview illustrates how certain environmental risks differ in magnitude between WHO sub-regions. It does not account for the often large variation between countries within a given region, nor is it a comprehensive summary of all environmental risksto children’s health.”

A more detailed version of this map:
[1]

Source

Inheriting the World: The Atlas of Children’s Health and the Environment, Part One: Child health and poverty. By Bruce Gordon, Richard Mackay and Eva Rehfuess, World Health Organization, 2004.
ISBN 92 4 159156 0.

Copyright

© WHO 2004. All rights reserved.

Series

This map is one in a series:

Trade Routes in the 16th and 17th Centuries

Caption

Trade Routes in the 16th and 17th Centuries

Summary

This map shows the trade routes over land and sea during the 16th and 17th Centuries in the Middle East.

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 1999. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien. (p. 143)

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.
Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

Trade Routes and Distances by Existing Lines and by the Panama Canal

Caption

Trade Routes and Distances by Existing Lines and by the Panama Canal Authority

Summary

Map shows global routes for full-powered steam vessels and routes for sailing vessels in nautical miles.

Copyright status

The map does not appear to have a copyright notice. It was published in 1912.

Source

U.S. Hydrographic Chart, 1912. W.S. Morison.

Map was copied from the Map Division of the Princeton University Library.

Trade in Asia, ca. 610 A.D.

Caption

Trade in Asia, ca. 610 A.D.

Summary

This image shows the paths followed by traders in Asia. In some areas, different stages of commercial exchanges are indicated (i.e. stage I, stage II, etc). The expansion of trade in Asia is shown to have extended from West to East.

Source

History and Commercial Atlas of China, Albert Herrmann, Ph.D., Harvard University Press, 1935.

See Huhai Website.

Copyright status

Public license
This work is believed to be in the public domain because its copyright is believed to have expired.

Trade Routes and Commodities, 500 to 1500

Caption

Trade Routes and Commodities

Summary

This map indicates major trade routes from 500 to 1500 in eastern Africa, Arabia and Persia.
Sites of key resources, such as textiles, spices, and gold fields, are also noted.

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 1999. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien. (p. 83)

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.
Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

Trade and Industry in the 1st Millennium BC

Caption

Trade and Industry in the 1st Millennium BC

Summary

This map indicates sites of colonies and Trans-Saharan trade routes, with markers to sites of copper and iron industry, in the 6th century BCE to 500 CE in North Africa.
There are also symbols to indicate findings of art depicting chariots.

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 1999. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien. (p. 23)

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.
Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

Trade and Production Centres in the Ming Period, 1600

Caption

Trade and Production Centres in the Ming Period

Summary

This map shows the main areas of trade and production centers, including agriculture and ceramics, in China in 1600.
Also indicated are key resources, like gold and rice; trading routes over land and sea; and shipbuilding centers.

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 1999. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien. (p. 138)

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.
Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

Trade and Religion, 5th Century

Caption

Trade and Religion

Summary

This map shows the presence of Buddhist temples and shrines along trade routes in India in the 5th Century.
Ports and trade towns along the trade routes are also indicated .

Source

Oxford Atlas of World History, Oxford University Press, 1999. General Editor Patrick K. O’Brien. (p. 47)

Copyright

Map copyright © Philip’s, a division of Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.
Source: Philip’s Atlas of World History

Used under license from Octopus Publishing Group.

Series

This map is one in a series of maps selected from the Oxford Atlas of World History.

A gallery using flyover images like this

Openness to Trade 1980
can be viewed here.

Those Who have Returned, 1999

Caption

Those Who have Returned, 1999

Summary

This map shows the number of displaced people who have returned to their original location after exile. The areas of the circles are proportional to the number of returning refugees in each country.

The population this map refers to are refugees who have been displaced internally (within their own country) and have returned home under the two year protection of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, receiving HCR help for the duration.

Source

Le Monde Diplomatique [1]

Cartographer: Philippe Rekacewicz

Primary Sources:

  • United Nations High Commission for Refugees (HCR)
  • World Refugee Survey 2000, US Committee for Refugees (USCR)
  • World Bank, World Development Report 2000-2001, Washington DC.
  • United Nations High Commission for Refugees HCR
  • US Committee for Refugees (USCR)
  • Global internally displaced persons -IDP- database

Copyright

© Le Monde Diplomatique

Trade and empire in Africa, 1500-1800

Caption

Developments in trade and empire, 1500-1800

Summary

This map of Africa provides an overview of the history of trade and empire
in Africa in the three hundred years before 1800.

The map shows areas of Ottoman control in Africa by 1574, the location
of Ottoman and European coastal settlements (Netherlands, France,
Portugal, Denmark, Britain, Spain, Brandenburg), and the extent of
Islamic influence by 1800.

The map also gives the locations and dates of Ottoman conquests, and
shows the expansion of Moroccan territory under [[wikipedia:Ahmad I
al-Mansur Saadi|]].

Arrows on the map indicate slave trade routes; other trade routes; the movement
of peoples; the extension of Islamic influence; Moroccan military expeditions;
and the Spanish offensives against Algiers and Tunis.

The areas covered by the following African states are indicated:

  • Morocco (Sharifian dynasties)
  • Senegambian states
  • Niger Delta states
  • Hausa states
  • Mossi states

Copyright status

Copyright © Times Books 2007
Reproduced from The Times Complete History of the World by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd.

Licensing

All rights reserved

Source

The Times Complete History of the World (2007), p. 182-3.