{"id":19,"date":"2026-08-05T11:16:22","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T11:16:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/?page_id=19"},"modified":"2026-08-05T14:04:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T18:04:17","slug":"grammar-exercise","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/unit-1\/grammar-exercise\/","title":{"rendered":"The First Declension &#038; Direct Objects"},"content":{"rendered":"<form class='responseform'><div id=\"model-response-message-contentr_f9367ceb78946a70\" class=\"markdown markdown-main-panel enable-luminous-fast-follows enable-updated-hr-color md-content tutor-markdown-rendering\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-busy=\"false\" aria-live=\"off\">\n<p data-path-to-node=\"1\">In Latin, nouns change their endings depending on their grammatical function in a sentence. These different forms are called <b data-path-to-node=\"1\" data-index-in-node=\"125\">cases<\/b>. Nouns that share the same set of ending patterns belong to the same <b data-path-to-node=\"1\" data-index-in-node=\"200\">declension<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"3\">1. Grammatical Cases: Nominative and Accusative<\/h2>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"4\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Nominative Case:<\/b> The subject of the sentence (the person or thing performing the action).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Accusative Case:<\/b> The direct object of the sentence (the person or thing receiving the action).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5\">In the <b data-path-to-node=\"5\" data-index-in-node=\"7\">First Declension<\/b> (mostly feminine nouns), nominative singular nouns end in <b data-path-to-node=\"5\" data-index-in-node=\"82\">-a<\/b>, while accusative singular nouns end in <b data-path-to-node=\"5\" data-index-in-node=\"125\">-am<\/b>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"6\">Paradigm: <i data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"10\">puella, puellae<\/i> (f.) \u2013 girl<\/h3>\n<table data-path-to-node=\"7\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Case<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Singular<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Plural<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Function<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Example<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Nominative<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,1,1,0\">puell<b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"5\">a<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,1,2,0\">puell<b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"5\">ae<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,1,3,0\">Subject<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,1,4,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,1,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Puella<\/b> cantat. <i data-path-to-node=\"7,1,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"15\">(The girl sings.)<\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,2,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7,2,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Accusative<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,2,1,0\">puell<b data-path-to-node=\"7,2,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"5\">am<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,2,2,0\">puell<b data-path-to-node=\"7,2,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"5\">as<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,2,3,0\">Direct Object<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span data-path-to-node=\"7,2,4,0\">Nauta <b data-path-to-node=\"7,2,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"6\">puellam<\/b> amat. <i data-path-to-node=\"7,2,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"20\">(The sailor loves the girl.)<\/i><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"9\">Vocabulary<\/h2>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"10\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">puella, -ae<\/b> (f.) \u2013 girl<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">aqua, -ae<\/b> (f.) \u2013 water<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">via, -ae<\/b> (f.) \u2013 road \/ way<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">silva, -ae<\/b> (f.) \u2013 forest<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,4,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">portat<\/b> \u2013 carries (singular)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,5,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,5,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">portant<\/b> \u2013 carry (plural)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,6,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,6,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">videt<\/b> \u2013 sees (singular)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,7,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,7,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">vident<\/b> \u2013 see (plural)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-path-to-node=\"12\">Exercitia: Fill in the Blanks<\/h2>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13\">Complete each sentence by filling in the correct Latin noun ending or form based on the English translation provided.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"14\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Puella <span class='response-container'>    <input type='text' id='f1' name='f1' class='text response' data-answer=\"aquam\" placeholder='' style='width:200px' \/><\/span> portat.<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,0,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"14,0,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(The girl carries water.)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Nautae <span class='response-container'>    <input type='text' id='f2' name='f2' class='text response' data-answer=\"viam\" placeholder='' style='width:200px' \/><\/span> vident.<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,1,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"14,1,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(The sailors see the road.)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"><span class='response-container'>    <input type='text' id='f3' name='f3' class='text response' data-answer=\"Puellae\" placeholder='' style='width:200px' \/><\/span> silvam vident.<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,2,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"14,2,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(The girls see the forest.)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Nauta <span class='response-container'>    <input type='text' id='f4' name='f4' class='text response' data-answer=\"puellas\" placeholder='' style='width:200px' \/><\/span> amat.<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,3,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"14,3,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(The sailor loves the girls.)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,4,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,4,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Puella ad <span class='response-container'>    <input type='text' id='f5' name='f5' class='text response' data-answer=\"silvam\" placeholder='' style='width:200px' \/><\/span> ambulat.<\/b><\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14,4,1\"><i data-path-to-node=\"14,4,1\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">(The girl walks toward the forest.)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<script>var user = '';<\/script><\/form>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Latin, nouns change their endings depending on their grammatical function in a sentence. These different forms are called cases. Nouns that share the same set of ending patterns belong to the same declension. 1. Grammatical Cases: Nominative and Accusative Nominative Case: The subject of the sentence (the person or thing performing the action). Accusative [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":7,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19\/revisions\/71"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/maremagnum\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}