{"id":314,"date":"2023-05-17T13:21:02","date_gmt":"2023-05-17T17:21:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/?page_id=314"},"modified":"2023-07-10T12:04:01","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T16:04:01","slug":"animals-and-food","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/animals-and-food\/","title":{"rendered":"Animals &amp; Food"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;The goal of this exhibit is to educate viewers on human-animal interactions during the Viking Age and how the Norse used their natural landscape and the animals accessible to them to create and support their world.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">\u2014 by Megan Specht<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Virtual Exhibits<\/p>\n<p>Viking Age Scandinavia is unique in that people had close, daily interactions with animals and Viking Age art and literature reflected on these interactions in everyday life. Animals were so deeply interwoven in Norse society that their symbolic and economic associations were represented across society, often in ways radically different from stereotyped symbolisms today. Below, explore different topics in which animals were represented during the Viking Age.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<td style=\"width: 33%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/animals-and-food\/religion-mythology\/\">Religion &amp; Mythology<\/a><\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_335\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Lejre-Figure-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-335\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-335\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Lejre-Figure-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-335\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure from Lejre, DK.<br \/>Silver with niello inlay.<br \/>1.8\u00d72.0\u00d71.3 cm.<br \/>(source: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Odin_fra_Lejre_(8423840948).jpg\">Wikimedia<\/a>)<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/animals-and-food\/luck-spirituality\/\">Luck &amp; Spirituality<\/a><\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_336\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Gording-Snake-Pendant-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-336\" class=\"wp-image-336 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Gording-Snake-Pendant-scaled-e1684417856724-150x147.jpg\" alt=\"Pendant from G\u00f8rding, DK. Gold with glass beads. 2.6\u00d71.9 cm. (source: SVJM)\" width=\"150\" height=\"147\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-336\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pendant from G\u00f8rding, DK.<br \/>Gold with glass beads.<br \/>2.6\u00d71.9 cm.<br \/>(source: <a href=\"https:\/\/sydvestjyskemuseer.wordpress.com\/2019\/02\/22\/goerding-slangen-et-mestervaerk-i-guldfiligran-fra-vikingetiden\/\">SVJM<\/a>)<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/animals-and-food\/evil-death\/\">Evil &amp; Death<\/a><\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_338\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Tja\u0308ngvide-Picture-Stone.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-338\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-338\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Tja\u0308ngvide-Picture-Stone-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-338\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stone from Tj\u00e4ngvide, SE.<br \/>Limestone, modern finish.<br \/>170\u00d7120\u00d730 cm.<br \/>(source: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bildsten_800_-_1099_i_Tj%C3%A4ngvide,_Gotland.jpg\">Wikimedia<\/a>)<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"vertical-align: top\">\n<td style=\"width: 33%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/animals-and-food\/sacrifice-burial\/\">Sacrifice &amp; Burial<\/a><\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_340\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Fregerslev-II-Grave-Sequence-Sulas-et-al-2022.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-340\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-340\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Fregerslev-II-Grave-Sequence-Sulas-et-al-2022-e1684420610192-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-340\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fregerslev II, DK.<br \/>Grave sequence.<br \/>(source: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jas.2022.105589\">Sulas et al.<\/a>)<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/animals-and-food\/craft-trade\/\">Craft &amp; Trade<\/a><\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_341\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Bjerringhoj-Mammen-Reconstruction-Front-Detail-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-341\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-341\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Bjerringhoj-Mammen-Reconstruction-Front-Detail-1-e1684419303649-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-341\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tunic from Bjerringh\u00f8j, DK.<br \/>Modern linen, embroidery.<br \/>(source: <a href=\"https:\/\/natmus.dk\/historisk-viden\/danmark\/oldtid-indtil-aar-1050\/vikingetiden-800-1050\/mammengraven\/dragten\/\">NMK<\/a>)<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33%;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/animals-and-food\/farm-field\/\">Farm &amp; Field<\/a><\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_344\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Himmelev-Roskilde-Aurochs.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-344\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-344\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/359\/2023\/05\/Himmelev-Roskilde-Aurochs-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-344\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aurochs, Himmelev, DK.<br \/>Skeleton from bog.<br \/>(source: class)<\/p><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Select References<\/p>\n<p>Bately, Janet. \u201cText and Translation: The Three Parts of the Known World and the Geography of Europe North of the Danube According to Orosius\u2019 <em>Historiae<\/em> and Its Old English Version.\u201d In <em>Ohthere\u2019s Voyages: A Late 9th-Century Account of Voyages along the Coasts of Norway and Denmark and Its Cultural Context<\/em>, edited by Janet Bately and Anton Englert, 40\u201358. Roskilde: Viking Ship Museum, 2007.<\/p>\n<p>Crawford, Jackson, trans., <em>The Saga of the Volsungs<\/em> (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2017).<\/p>\n<p>Jensen, Bo. \u201cChronospecificities: Period-Specific Ideas About Animals in Viking Age Scandinavian Culture.\u201d <em>Society and Animals<\/em> 2 (2013): 208\u201321.\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/15685306-12341303\">online<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Poole, Kristopher. \u201cMore than Just Meat: Animals in Viking-Age Towns.\u201d In <em>Everyday Life in Viking-Age Towns: Social Approaches to Towns in England and Ireland<\/em>,\u00a0 edited by D. M. Hadley and Letty ten Harkel, 144\u201356. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2013. (<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2307\/j.ctvh1dmk1.13\">online<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Star, Bastiaan, Sanne Boessenkool, Agata T. Gondek, Elena A. Nikulina, Anne Karin Hufthammer, Christophe Pampoulie, Halvor Knutsen, Carl Andr\u00e9, Heidi M. Nistelberger, Jan Dierking, Christoph Petereit, Dirk Heinrich, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Sissel Jentoft, and James H. Barrett. \u201cAncient DNA Reveals the Arctic Origin of Viking Age Cod from Haithabu, Germany.\u201d <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em> 114,\u00a0no. 34 (2017): 9152\u201357.\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1710186114\">online<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>Sturluson, Snorri. \u201cGylfaginning.\u201d [The Tricking of Gylfi] In <em>Edda<\/em>, translated by Anthony Faulkes, 7\u201354. London: J. M. Dent, 1995.<\/p>\n<p>Zori, Davide, Thomas Wake, Jon Erlandson, and R\u00fanar Leifsson. \u201cViking Age Foodways at the Hr\u00edsbr\u00fa Farmstead.\u201d In <em>Viking Archaeology in Iceland: Mosfell Archaeological Project<\/em>, edited by Davide Zori and Jesse Byock, 163\u201379. Turnhout: Brepols, 2014.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/animals-and-food\/luck-spirituality\/\">Next \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;The goal of this exhibit is to educate viewers on human-animal interactions during the Viking Age and how the Norse used their natural landscape and the animals accessible to them to create and support their world.&#8221; \u2014 by Megan Specht Virtual Exhibits Viking Age Scandinavia is unique in that people had close, daily interactions with<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/animals-and-food\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4492,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-nosidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-314","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/314","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4492"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=314"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":833,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/314\/revisions\/833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/makingvikings\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}