![\"Galileo's](\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2025\/04\/galileos-design-for-a-pendulum-clock-18067-1-236x300.png\")
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<\/p>\nGalileo\u2019s idea for the pendulum clock came from his discovery that a swinging pendulum always takes the same amount of time to complete one swing, no matter how wide the swing is, this is called isochronism. He noticed this while watching a chandelier sway in a cathedral and later tested the idea more carefully. This regular, predictable swinging motion made the pendulum a perfect timekeeping element. Before this, clocks used weights and gears alone, which could be inaccurate. Galileo realized that if a pendulum controlled the release of energy to the clock’s gears, it could help the clock tick more evenly and keep better time.<\/p>\n
In his design, a pendulum would be connected to a mechanism called an escapement, which lets the clock\u2019s gears move forward in small, controlled steps which each triggered by a swing of the pendulum. The steady pace of the pendulum ensured that the gears turned at just the right speed to move the clock hands accurately. Galileo worked on this design late in his life, around 1641, when he was nearly blind. He described the idea to his son, Vincenzio, who began building a model, but neither lived to see a working version completed. Still, Galileo\u2019s concept laid the foundation for later pendulum clocks, like those built by Christiaan Huygens a few decades later, which greatly improved timekeeping and were used for centuries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n
<\/p>\n
Steps to remake<\/h4>\n
Creo Designs <\/a><\/p>\n 3D Prints<\/a><\/p>\n The parts in the prints are combined for similar objects . Also included is a tolerance checker starting at 1.5 mm incrementing by 0.1 mm.<\/p>\n We recommend using 1.6mm Stainless Steel Solid Round Shaft Rods but you could always 3d print or make your own. Video of Pinwheel<\/a><\/p>\n We provide parts in which you can print together. We had custom supports for most pieces to avoid supports in hard to break off places. Without a reliable print you might run into problems with the gear teeth and especially with the stops in the pinwheel. There is specific spacing so an inconsistency can make the clock inefficient and eventually die out before\u00a0 the weight hit the ground.<\/p>\n Assembly is straight forward, start with the frame on the bottom and sides, then put in the gears and pins into place, then the top frame and pendulum under.<\/p>\n In our design we wrapped a copper wire thread around the bottom wire holder. Having a metal thread allows more tension so the string holding the weight breaks off less. Make sure it spins the gear the correct way so that the pendulum and pinwheel still interact. For weight there should be a dense metal or something heavy at the bottom so that there is more force spinning the gear. The piece does not need to fit exactly into the hole but rather evenly distributed on both sides of the holder, like a mallet. Finally for the pendulum weight there should be weight so that it swings but not too much that it slows it down. Same fitting standards as the pulling weight.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Princeton Standard-FRIDAY, APRIL 23,69\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Article from NOVEMBER 7. 1899<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0Galileo discovered how the pendulum works, which helped optimize the period of oscillation equation discovered by Christiaan Huygens. Huygens later discovered wave theory, which states light travels as a wave instead of beams. Albert Einstein later proposed the wave-particle theory of electromagnetism, which is built on wave theory. Later, Einstein proposed special relativity and the clock paradox, which states that two observers who start together with identical clocks and then undergo different motions can have different total elapsed time on their clocks when they rejoin later. This connects back to Gallio and his clock, tying time together.<\/span><\/p>\n Time in any application is important but specifically Princeton it was important for further innovation\u00a0 not only for Einstein but as an endeavor to show off our discoveries.\u00a0 In the top left image we see a discovery for the purpose of telling the passage of time. In this discovery they used oscillation as did Galileo. Time and oscillation go hand in hand making Galileo’s clock the leap frog into innovation. Pendulums with the help of electricity got so good that large clocks became a regular as seen with Princeton’s very own Blair hall clock.<\/p>\n Galileo’s Pendulum: The Pendulum Clock: The Beat of Nature \u00a0https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt13x0kt6.8<\/p>\n The invention of the pendulum clock https:\/\/museum.seiko.co.jp\/en\/knowledge\/MechanicalTimepieces03\/Galileo Timeline<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/nova\/galileo\/life.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Galileo’s pendulum clock Inspired by watching a swinging chandelier in a cathedral, Galileo Galilei (1564\u20131642), an Italian astronomer and physicist, discovered in the late 16th century that pendulums keep a steady rhythm regardless of their swing size. This discovery challenged the prevailing Aristotelian belief that the speed of a pendulum’s swing depended on its arc … Continue reading “MAE 226 – Galileo’s Clock”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":765,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4917","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/765"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4917"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5076,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4917\/revisions\/5076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Step 1:<\/strong> 3D print on a reliable printer<\/h6>\n
Step 2:<\/strong> Assembly<\/h6>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2025\/05\/IMG_2084-139x300.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2025\/05\/IMG_2085-139x300.png\")
<\/p>\nStep 3:<\/strong> Weights and String<\/h6>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2025\/05\/IMG_2083-e1747092008166-144x300.png\")
<\/p>\napplication to Princeton<\/h4>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2025\/04\/telegraphic-expierment-excerpt-300x300.png\")
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2025\/04\/blair-clock-279x300.png\")
<\/p>\nRecources<\/h4>\n