{"id":4632,"date":"2024-07-16T10:59:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-16T15:59:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/?page_id=4632"},"modified":"2024-07-30T13:08:03","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T18:08:03","slug":"seebeck-effect-comsol-modeling","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/seebeck-effect\/seebeck-effect-comsol-modeling\/","title":{"rendered":"Seebeck Effect COMSOL Modeling"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>COMSOL Models<\/h2>\n<p>Two project files were used to compute the current and magnetic field. The first file used the &#8216;Electric Currents (ec)&#8217; and &#8216;Heat transfer in solids&#8217; physics packages and the &#8216;Thermoelectric Effect&#8217; and &#8216;Electromagnetic Heating&#8217; multiphysics packages to compute the temperature gradient, voltage, and current. Proceeding current calculations from current density, the respective current is used in a second file to calculate the magnetic field. In the second file, &#8216;Magnetic Fields (mf)&#8217; and &#8216;Electrical Circuits (cir) &#8216; physics packages were used. It was needed to define the apparatus as a coil in the mf package with an input and output, create a closed circuit in the cir package, using a current source\u2014essential because the calculated current from the first file is used here\u2014ground, resistor and coil (defined in the mf package), and add a box of air around the apparatus to ensure that the magnetic field was calculated around the device.<\/p>\n<h2>Copper\/Bismuth<\/h2>\n<h3>Temperature Gradient (\u00b0C)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4637 \" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/TemperatureGradientV3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"726\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/TemperatureGradientV3.jpg 2367w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/TemperatureGradientV3-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/TemperatureGradientV3-1024x800.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/TemperatureGradientV3-768x600.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/TemperatureGradientV3-1536x1200.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/TemperatureGradientV3-2048x1600.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/TemperatureGradientV3-1200x937.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 726px) 85vw, 726px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Electric Potential (V)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4639 \" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/ElectricPotential.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"716\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/ElectricPotential.jpg 1215w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/ElectricPotential-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/ElectricPotential-1024x792.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/ElectricPotential-768x594.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/ElectricPotential-1200x928.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 716px) 85vw, 716px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Volumetric Current Density (A\/m^2)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4640 \" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensity.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"714\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensity.jpg 1216w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensity-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensity-1024x798.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensity-768x599.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensity-1200x936.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 714px) 85vw, 714px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Multislice\/Streamline Current Density (A\/m^2)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4642 \" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensityStreamline.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"717\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensityStreamline.jpg 1218w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensityStreamline-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensityStreamline-1024x773.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensityStreamline-768x580.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/CurrentDensityStreamline-1200x906.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 717px) 85vw, 717px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Multislice Magnetic Flux Density (T)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4645 \" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/Magnetic-Flux-Denisty-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"713\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/Magnetic-Flux-Denisty-.jpg 1354w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/Magnetic-Flux-Denisty--300x263.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/Magnetic-Flux-Denisty--1024x897.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/Magnetic-Flux-Denisty--768x673.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/Magnetic-Flux-Denisty--1200x1051.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 713px) 85vw, 713px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>COMSOL 6.2 Files: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/SeebeckEffectThermoElectricComplete.zip\"> Thermo-Electric Current<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/SeebeckEffectMagneticField.zip\">\u00a0Magnetic Field<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Bismuth\/Antimony<\/h2>\n<h3>Temperature Gradient (\u00b0C)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4853 \" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyTemp.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyTemp.jpg 1219w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyTemp-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyTemp-1024x790.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyTemp-768x593.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyTemp-1200x926.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 85vw, 570px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Electric Potential (V)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4854 \" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyVoltage.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"577\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyVoltage.jpg 1216w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyVoltage-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyVoltage-1024x781.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyVoltage-768x585.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyVoltage-1200x915.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 577px) 85vw, 577px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Multislice\/Streamline Current Density (A\/m^2)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4855 \" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyCurrentDensity.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"620\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyCurrentDensity.jpg 1209w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyCurrentDensity-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyCurrentDensity-1024x798.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyCurrentDensity-768x598.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyCurrentDensity-1200x935.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 85vw, 620px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Multislice Magnetic Flux Density (T)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4856 \" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyMagField.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"628\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyMagField.jpg 1210w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyMagField-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyMagField-1024x811.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyMagField-768x608.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyMagField-1200x950.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 85vw, 628px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>COMSOL 6.2 Files: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/BismuthAntimonyThermoElectric.zip\">BismuthAntimonyThermoElectricFiles<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Henry&#8217;s Thermocouple<\/h2>\n<h3>Temperature Gradient (\u00b0C)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4858 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleTemp-e1722362529910.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1207\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleTemp-e1722362529910.jpg 1207w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleTemp-e1722362529910-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleTemp-e1722362529910-1024x798.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleTemp-e1722362529910-768x599.jpg 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleTemp-e1722362529910-1200x936.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Electric Potential (V)<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4859 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleVoltage.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1194\" height=\"927\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleVoltage.jpg 1194w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleVoltage-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleVoltage-1024x795.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenrysThermocoupleVoltage-768x596.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>COMSOL 6.2 Files: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/2024\/07\/HenryThermocouple.zip\">HenryThermocouple<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>COMSOL Models Two project files were used to compute the current and magnetic field. The first file used the &#8216;Electric Currents (ec)&#8217; and &#8216;Heat transfer in solids&#8217; physics packages and the &#8216;Thermoelectric Effect&#8217; and &#8216;Electromagnetic Heating&#8217; multiphysics packages to compute the temperature gradient, voltage, and current. Proceeding current calculations from current density, the respective current &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/seebeck-effect\/seebeck-effect-comsol-modeling\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Seebeck Effect COMSOL Modeling&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5347,"featured_media":0,"parent":2574,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4632","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5347"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4632"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4863,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4632\/revisions\/4863"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/josephhenry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}