{"id":81,"date":"2020-12-01T12:56:51","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T17:56:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/?page_id=81"},"modified":"2020-12-22T22:41:38","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T03:41:38","slug":"youth-mental-health-services-in-nyc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/videos\/youth-mental-health-services-in-nyc\/","title":{"rendered":"Trampled Down: Present Struggles with Structural Violence Within the Mental Health System Amongst Youth in New York City"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_369\" style=\"width: 1114px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-369\" class=\"wp-image-369 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/sad-pic.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1104\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/sad-pic.png 1104w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/sad-pic-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/sad-pic-1024x649.png 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/sad-pic-768x487.png 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/sad-pic-676x429.png 676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1104px) 100vw, 1104px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-369\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artwork courtesy of: Emma Ruck and Soulflow<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_388\" style=\"width: 484px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-388\" class=\" wp-image-388\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-08-at-4.09.25-AM-300x206.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"474\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-08-at-4.09.25-AM-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-08-at-4.09.25-AM-676x465.png 676w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-08-at-4.09.25-AM.png 754w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-388\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artwork courtesy of: Naomi Gerrar, Sarah Yuster, and Cat Finnie<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is \u201ca state of complete physical, <em><strong>mental,<\/strong> <\/em>and social well-being\u201d.\u00a0 Although long neglected, mental health is a crucial part of our lives and our health. This is especially true for youths. Youths are at the crucial stages of social, emotional, and cognitive development <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0(Johnson et al., 2011)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Hence, disruptions can be particularly problematic as youth mental illness is associated with \u201cpoor academic performance, disrupted psychosocial development, a lower rate of high school graduation, and increased risks\u201d (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moon &amp; Mendenhall, 2017).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Due to the high levels of stigma still associated with this topic, it is crucial for better understanding of mental health to be established from a young age. For our final project, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">we decided to explore the youth-mental health system in New York City because of a recent implementation of a <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unique policy which makes it mandatory for schools across the state to include mental health education as a part of K-12th school curriculums. Though this policy seems like a step in the right direction, New York City\u2019s historical gentrification across its <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">5 boroughs (namely Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and Staten Island) has created wealth and racial divides across this landscape which already negatively impact youth mental health from a young age. The implications of these forms of structural violence on youth\u2019s mental health education and access to mental health services will be further discussed in our video.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Overall, our project aims to expose the issues behind the history of NYC\u2019s mental health policies, the access to mental healthcare services, and the effectiveness of mandatory school mental health education in schools at a historically deep and geographically broad level. We attempt to accomplish this by employing the critical concepts from this class: structural violence, band-aid care, health as the ability to adapt, the location of laboratories for policy creation, white supremacy, and using the biosocial and horizontal approach. Furthermore, we used an \u2018empirical lantern\u2019 approach in order to get a true understanding of what mental health access looks like for youth in New York City by interviewing mental health experts who work with different community organizations across the different boroughs and in different settings, including providing mental health services to youth, improving the compulsory mental health education, and teaching the curriculum. After repetitive evaluation and analysis of our interviews, we argue that structural violence &#8212; which is brought about by poverty, the ability to obtain insurance, racism, health inequities, unequal funding for schools, and many more issues &#8212; plays a significant role in affecting youth mental health in New York City. We believe that these types of issues must be further addressed in order for New York\u2019s mandatory mental health education policy to be successful in the future. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Watch Our Video Below!<\/strong><\/h1>\n<div style=\"width: 676px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-81-1\" width=\"676\" height=\"380\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/GHP350-Final-Project.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/GHP350-Final-Project.mp4\">https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/GHP350-Final-Project.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<h3>Video Guide:<\/h3>\n<pre><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">1. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Introduction<\/span><\/span> (0:00 - 5:46)\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">2. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">History of Mental Health Policy in New York City<\/span><\/span> (5:47 - 11:28)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">3. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Structural Violence and the Quality of Mental Health Education in NYC Schools<\/span><\/span> (11:29 - 19:19) <\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">4. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Structural Violence and Access to Mental Healthcare Services<\/span><\/span> (19:20 - 27:15)<\/span>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">5. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Future Directions<\/span><\/span> (27:15 - 31:26) <\/span><\/pre>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\">Big Special Thank You to Our Interviewees!<\/h3>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our interviewees include&#8230;\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">1) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Vibrant Emotional Health<\/span><br \/>\n&#8211;<span style=\"color: #000080\">John Orr<\/span>: Associate Vice President of children, adolescent &amp; family services<br \/>\n&#8211;<span style=\"color: #000080\">Jackie Brown<\/span>: Program Director of the Adolescent Skills Center in the Bronx <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">MHANY&#8217;s School Mental Health Resource Training Center<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211;<span style=\"color: #000080\">Cohen Miles-Rath<\/span>: Project Coordinator <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3) <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Dalton High School<\/span><br \/>\n&#8211;<span style=\"color: #000080\">Justine Fonte<\/span>: Director of Health &amp; Wellness<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(Each of these experts gave us different insights into the highlights and struggles of providing successful and accessible mental health care. Once again, thank you for participating in our project.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Video Project Team Members<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_332\" style=\"width: 628px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-332\" class=\"wp-image-332 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-08-at-1.58.59-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"618\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-08-at-1.58.59-AM.png 618w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-08-at-1.58.59-AM-300x178.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-332\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">From top to bottom: Yodahe Gebreegziabher, Bubble Lui, Hanna Soulati, Seo Young Yoo<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alliance for Quality Education. (September, 2018). Educational Racism: Andrew Cuomo\u2019s\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Record of Underfunding <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Public Schools in Black and Latino Communities. http:\/\/www.aqeny.org\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2018\/09\/educationalraci sm_final.pdflink_id=0&amp;can_id=9cbc219690344488b53b3bf9d05b4b81&amp;source=email-report-new-yorks-chronic-underfunding-of-schools-the-disparate-impact-on-black-latinostudents&amp;email_referrer=email_415815&amp;email_subje ct=report-new-yorks-chronic-underfunding-of-schools-the-disparate-impact-on-black-latino-students<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aneshensel, C. S., &amp; Sucoff, C. A. (1996). The neighborhood context of adolescent mental\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">health. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Journal of health and social behavior<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 293-310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2137258<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Assari, S., &amp; Caldwell, C. H. (2017). Mental health service utilization among black youth;\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">psychosocial determinants in a national sample. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Children<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">4<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(5), 40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children4050040<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Canguilhem, Georges. (1994). \u201cNormality and Normativity.\u201d In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Vital Rationalist: Selected\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Writing from Georges Canguilhem<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, by Fran\u00e7ois Delaporte (Ed.), 354-357. New York: <\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zones Books.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, March 12). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Behavioral health services in\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">New York<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/childrensmentalhealth\/stateprofiles-providers\/new-york\/index.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Constitution.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">World Health Organization<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, www.who.int\/about\/who-we-are\/constitution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Data Dashboard. https:\/\/thrivenyc.cityofnewyork.us\/dashboard\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Farmer, Paul. 2003. &#8220;On Suffering and Structural Violence (Chapter I).&#8221; In Pathologies of Power,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">by Paul Farmer, 29-50. Berkeley: UC Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Flaherty, Lois T., and David Osher. (2003). \u201cHistory of School-Based Mental Health Services in\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the United States.\u201d In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Handbook of School Mental Health Advancing Practice and Research<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Mark D. Weist, Steven W. Evans, and Nancy A. Lever, 11\u201322. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Boston, MA: Springer US. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-73313-5_2.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/978-0-387-73313-5_2.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Johnson, C., Eva, A. L., Johnson, L., &amp; Walker, B. (2011). Don&#8217;t turn away: Empowering\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">teachers to support students\u2019 mental health. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">84<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(1), 9-14.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mental Health Association in New York State, Inc. (MHANYS) Records, 1879-2002. M.E.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Grenander Department of Special Collections and Archives, University Libraries, University at Albany, State University of New York<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Moon, J., Williford, A., &amp; Mendenhall, A. (2017). Educators&#8217; perceptions of youth mental health:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Implications for training and the promotion of mental health services in schools. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Children and youth services review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">73<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 384-391.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pascoe, Elizabeth A, and Laura Smart Richman. \u201cPerceived discrimination and health: a\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">meta-analytic review.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Psychological bulletin<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> vol. 135,4 (2009): 531-54. doi:10.1037\/a0016059<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Prince, Martin, Vikram Patel, Shekhar Saxena, and Mario Maj. n.d. \u201cGlobal Mental Health 1: No\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Health without Mental Health,\u201d 19.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reiss, F. (2013). Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">adolescents: a systematic review. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Social science &amp; medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">90<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 24-31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roeser, Robert W., and Jacquelynne S. Eccles. (2000). \u201cSchooling and Mental Health.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, edited by Arnold J. Sameroff, Michael Lewis, and Suzanne M. Miller, 135\u201356. Boston, MA: Springer US <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4615-4163-9_8.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">School Mental Health Resource and Training Center, for Educators, Parents, Students,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Community Members. Mental Health Education in New York State Schools. https:\/\/www.mentalhealthednys.org\/.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Dalton School Homepage. https:\/\/www.dalton.org\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vibrant Emotional Health. (2020, November 20). https:\/\/www.vibrant.org\/.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Weddle, Bonita. \u201cMental Health in New York State: An Historical Overview.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">New York State\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Archives<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 1998.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Weist, Mark D., Steven W. Evans, and Nancy A. Lever, eds. (2003). Handbook of School Mental\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Health: Advancing Practice and Research. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Springer US. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-73313-5. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is \u201ca state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being\u201d.\u00a0 Although long neglected, mental health is a crucial part of our lives and our health. This is especially true for youths. Youths are at the crucial stages of social, emotional, and cognitive development \u00a0(Johnson et al., 2011).<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/videos\/youth-mental-health-services-in-nyc\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2163,"featured_media":0,"parent":57,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-nosidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-81","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2163"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81"}],"version-history":[{"count":68,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":620,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/81\/revisions\/620"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/57"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}