{"id":117,"date":"2020-12-02T10:26:12","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T15:26:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/?page_id=117"},"modified":"2020-12-22T22:38:53","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T03:38:53","slug":"inequalities-in-covid-19-in-the-osage-nation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/timelines\/inequalities-in-covid-19-in-the-osage-nation\/","title":{"rendered":"Violence in Healthcare\u2013A History of Native American Public Health in the Southwest"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 645px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sutori.com\/story\/timeline-template--AmUZQLvimfNtbSXgP3gXD4HD\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com\/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSB8nthP6rPJFe18f5bDYsmzez7RVC4TqFWLA&amp;usqp=CAU\" alt=\"\" width=\"635\" height=\"423\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">CDC Confirms Soaring COVID-19 Rate Among Native Americans. 19 Aug. 2020, https:\/\/www.medpagetoday.com\/infectiousdisease\/covid19\/88167.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">This project is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sutori.com\/story\/timeline-template--AmUZQLvimfNtbSXgP3gXD4HD\">timeline<\/a> of Native American public health in the U.S. Southwest. Starting with the Mexican-American war, we follow how the United States government clashed with Native American indigenous populations over territorial claims. Following the violent colonization of the Native American lands, the U.S. government attempted to break up and assimilate Native American populations through detrimental policies which negatively affected the health and wellbeing of Native American communities and individuals. Some of these policies were direct public health policies and other programs and policies indirectly affected the health of native populations, such as through attacks on and repression of indigenous culture. The government\u2019s multiple attempts of termination and assimilation through paternalistic policies that deprived Native Americans of resources, rights, and self-determination formed a web of structural violence that continues to affect Native Americans today both from the generational trauma passed down from families and the lasting effects of the policies themselves. Pulling out themes of colonial roots, magic bullets, the laboratory, reproductive rights, the U.S. healthcare system and mental health, this timeline walks us from 1848 to the COVID era.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">Project Members<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-300 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-04-at-7.08.33-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2876\" height=\"1758\" srcset=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-04-at-7.08.33-PM.png 2876w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-04-at-7.08.33-PM-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-04-at-7.08.33-PM-1024x626.png 1024w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-04-at-7.08.33-PM-768x469.png 768w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-04-at-7.08.33-PM-1536x939.png 1536w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-04-at-7.08.33-PM-2048x1252.png 2048w, https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/235\/2020\/12\/Screen-Shot-2020-12-04-at-7.08.33-PM-676x413.png 676w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2876px) 100vw, 2876px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Members introduced clockwise, starting from top-left:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Fisayo Adeyina,\u00a0 Frances Walker, Olivia Chen, and Paulina Przygonska<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<p>Bibliography (with double-spacing and indentation):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/12yGbuzPrAG5hZ5iwXjwJWGMgvpWadKDQhBzt1D8jSjY\/edit?usp=sharing\">https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/12yGbuzPrAG5hZ5iwXjwJWGMgvpWadKDQhBzt1D8jSjY\/edit?usp=sharing<\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cAffordable Care Act.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian Health Service<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.Retrieved from: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">FAQ. <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.gov\/aca\/faq\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.ihs.gov\/aca\/<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.gov\/aca\/faq\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">faq\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Accessed 23 November. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cA 1970 Law Led to the Mass Sterilization of Native American Women. That History Still Matters.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Time<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5737080\/native-american-sterilization-history\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/time.com\/5737080\/native-american-sterilization-history\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Accessed 3 Dec. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Al Jazeera English. \u201cNative Americans Face Limit to Healthcare Access.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">YouTube<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">YouTube, 2009, www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=2.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cAmerican Indian Urban Relocation.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Archives and Records Administration<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, National Archives and Records Administration,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2015, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.archives.gov\/education\/lessons\/indian-relocation.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">www.archives.gov\/education\/lessons\/indian-relocation.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Baca, J.. Text &#8211; H.J.Res.40 &#8211; 111th Congress (2009-2010): Native American Heritage Day <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Act of 2009. Retrieved December 02, 2020, from\u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congres<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/111th-congress\/house-joint-resolution\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">s\/house-joint-resolution<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\/40\/text. Jun. 26 2009.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bergman, Abraham B., et al. \u201cA Political History of the Indian Health Service.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Milbank Quarterly<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, vol. 77, no. 4, Dec. 1999, pp. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">571\u2013604. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">PubMed Central<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, doi:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1468-0009.00152\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10.1111\/1468-0009.00152<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">CDC Confirms Soaring COVID-19 Rate Among Native Americans<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. 19 Aug. 2020, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medpagetoday.com\/infectiousdisease\/covid19\/88167\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.medpagetoday.com\/infectiousdisease\/covid19\/88167<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cCongress Mandates Clean Water, Sanitary Sewers for Reservations &#8211; Timeline &#8211; Native Voices.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Institutes of Health, www.nlm.nih.gov\/nativevoices\/timeline\/500.html.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Crane, Johanna Tayloe. 2013. &#8220;The Turn toward Africa (chapter 3).&#8221; In Scrambling for Africa: AIDS, Expertise, and the Rise of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">American Global Health Science. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cCultural Continuity and Change.\u201d Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica, Inc., <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Southwest-Indian\/Cultural-continuity-and-change\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">www.britannica.com\/topic\/Southwest-<\/span><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Southwest-Indian\/Cultural-continuity-and-change\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian\/Cultural-continuity-and-change<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Drago, Mary. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Promises, Expectations, and Obligations: An Examination of American Indian Health Outcomes<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, ProQuest Dissertations<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Publishing, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Greene, Jeremy A., et al. \u201cInnovation on the Reservation: Information Technology and Health Systems Research among the Papago <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tribe of Arizona, 1965\u20131980.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Isis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, vol. 111, no. 3, The University of Chicago Press, Sept. 2020, pp. 443\u201370. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">www-journals-<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">uchicago-edu.ezproxy.princeton.edu (Atypon)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, doi:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/710802\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10.1086\/710802<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hatcher SM, Agnew-Brune C, Anderson M, et al. COVID-19 Among American Indian and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alaska Native Persons \u2014 23 States, January 31\u2013July 3, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wkly Rep 2020;69:1166\u20131169. DOI:<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6934e1\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6934e1<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cHealth &amp; Running Away.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Away from Home: American Indian Boarding School Stories<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Heard Museum, 3 Mar. 2020, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">heard.org\/boardingschool\/health\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hyde Amendment<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.plannedparenthoodaction.org\/issues\/abortion\/hyde-amendment\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.plannedparenthoodaction.org\/issues\/abortion\/hyde-amendment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Accessed 4 Dec. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cFact Sheet.\u201dIndian Health Services.\u00a0 in U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Quiet Crisis:\u00a0 <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Federal Funding and Unmet Needs In Indian Country. Retrieved from:\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.usccr.gov\/pubs\/na0703\/na0204.pdf. J<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ul. 2003.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIHS Profile.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian Health Services. https:\/\/www.ihs.gov\/newsroom\/factsheets\/ihsprofile\/<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIndian Health Service Gold Book &#8211; The First 50 Years of the Indian Health Service.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian Health Service<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,\u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">www.ihs.gov\/sites\/newsroom\/themes\/responsive2017\/display_objects\/documents\/GOLD_BOOK_part2.pdf.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian Health Service<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Legislation.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> https:\/\/www.ihs.gov\/aboutihs\/legislation\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indigenous Women\u2019s Reproductive Rights: The Indian Health Service and Its Inconsistent Application of the Hyde Amendment<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. p. 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cIn Memory Of Marie B Sanchez Age 80 of Lame Deer, MT April 30, 1939 \u2013 August 9, 2019.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stevenson Sons Funeral Homes<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0stevensonfuneralhomes.com\/obituaries\/marie-b-sanchez-age-80-of-lame-deer-mt\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kennedy, Ellen\u00a0 J. \u201cOn Indigenous Peoples Day, Recalling Forced Sterilizations of Native American Women.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">MinnPost<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 14 Oct. 2019,\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">www.minnpost.com\/community-voices\/2019\/10\/on-indigenous-peoples-day-recalling-forced-sterilizations-of-native-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">american-women\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">LaRue, Damita S. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Effects of History on Native American Indians: Providing Culturally-Sensitive Therapeutic Care<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, ProQuest Dissertations <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Publishing, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Conference of State Legislatures. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Affordable Care Act: A Brief Summary. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Retrieved from: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/the-affordable-care-act-brief-\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/the-affordable-care-act-brief-<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">summary.aspx. (2011).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">O&#8217;banion, N. (2019\uff0cNovember 25th). Personal Interview [phone interview].\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201cOn Indigenous Peoples Day, Recalling Forced Sterilizations of Native American Women.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">MinnPost<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 14 Oct. 2019, <\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.minnpost.com\/community-voices\/2019\/10\/on-indigenous-peoples-day-recalling-forced-sterilizations-of-native-american-women\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.minnpost.com\/community-voices\/2019\/10\/on-indigenous-peoples-day-recalling-forced-sterilizations-of-<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.minnpost.com\/community-voices\/2019\/10\/on-indigenous-peoples-day-recalling-forced-sterilizations-of-native-american-women\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">native-american-women\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pinheiro, John C. \u201cJames K. Polk: Foreign Affairs.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">University of Virginia: Miller Center<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, University of Virginia, 26 June 2017,\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">millercenter.org\/president\/polk\/foreign-affairs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pfefferbaum, Betty, et al. &#8220;Learning How to Heal: An Analysis of the History, Policy, and Framework of Indian Health Care.&#8221; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">American <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian Law Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, vol. 20, no. 2, 1995, pp. 365\u2013397. JSTOR, www.jstor.org\/stable\/20068801. Accessed 30 Nov. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Restructuring Initiative Workgroup, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transitions 2002: A 5-Year Initiative to Restructure Indian\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Health, final report to the Indian Health Service<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, October 2002, p. 9 in U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Quiet Crisis: Federal <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Funding and Unmet Needs In Indian Country. Retrieved from: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.usccr.gov\/pubs\/na0703\/na0204.pdf. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jul. 2003.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ross, Loretta, and Rickie Solinger. 2017. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reproductive Justice: An Introduction<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. (pps. 58-67 and 78-96) First Edition. Oakland, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">California: University of California Press<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sequist, Thomas D., et al. \u201cIndian Health Service Innovations Have Helped Reduce Health Disparities Affecting American Indian And <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alaska Native People.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Health Affairs<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, vol. 30, no. 10, Health Affairs, Oct. 2011, pp. 1965\u201373. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">healthaffairs.org (Atypon)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">doi:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0630\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0630<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Silversmith, Shondiin. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Native American Heritage Day and Month: November offers national platform to talk about Indigenous culture and <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">tradition.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> USA Today<\/span><b>. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2020\/11\/27\/native-american-heritage-day-november-honors-indigenous-histories\/6438955002\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2020\/11\/27\/native-american-heritage-day-november-<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation\/2020\/11\/27\/native-american-heritage-day-november-honors-indigenous-histories\/6438955002\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">honors-indigenous-histories\/6438955002\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Accessed Nov. 22, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shelton, Brett L. &#8220;Legal and Historical Roots of Health Care for American Indians and Alaskan Natives in the United States.&#8221; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Theobald, Brianna. \u201cThe Native American Women Who Fought Mass Sterilization.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Time<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Time, 27 Nov. 2019, 11:00am EST, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">time.com\/5737080\/native-american-sterilization-history\/.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Testimony from RADM Chris Buchanan on S.2365, Health Care Access for Urban\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Native Veterans Act of 2019, S.1001, Tribal Veterans Health Care Enhancement Act before Committee for Indian Affairs. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A Quiet Crisis: Federal Funding and Unmet Needs In <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ndian Country. Retrieved from: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.usccr.gov\/pubs\/na0703\/na0204.pdf. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jul. 2003.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (2). Broken Promises: Continuing Federal Funding\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shortfall for Native Americans. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.usccr.gov\/pubs\/2018\/12-20-Broken-Promises.pdf<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (2). Federal Policies and Programs for American\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indians, p. 44. in U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. A Quiet Crisis: Federal Funding and Unmet Needs In Indian Country. Retrieved <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0from: https:\/\/www.usccr.gov\/pubs\/na0703\/na0204.pdf. Jul. 2003.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Veile, Bradley. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (Public Law 9<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">3-638) from 1975 to 1989: A Look at Educational Aspects<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The University of Arizona., 1989. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Repository.arizona.edu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.arizona.edu\/handle\/10150\/277185\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/repository.arizona.edu\/<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.arizona.edu\/handle\/10150\/277185\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">handle\/10150\/277185<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wagner, Dennis and Grantham-Philips, Wyatte, &#8216;Still killing us&#8217;: The federal government\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> underfunded health care for Indigenous <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">people for centuries. Now they&#8217;re dying of\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">COVID-19. Retrieved from: \u00a0 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/in-depth\/news\/nation\/2020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/in-<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/in-depth\/news\/nation\/2020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">depth <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/in-depth\/news\/nation\/2020\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\/news\/nation\/2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\/10\/20\/native-american-navajo-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nation-<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">coronavirus<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-deaths<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-underfunded-health-care\/5883514002\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Warne, Donald, and Linda Bane Frizzell. \u201cAmerican Indian Health Policy: Historical Trends and Contemporary Issues.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">American <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Journal of Public Health<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, vol. 104, no. S3, American Public Health Association, Apr. 2014, pp. S263\u201367. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ajph.aphapublications.org<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0(Atypon)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, doi:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301682\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301682<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wilford, John Noble. \u201cMedicine Men Successful Where Science Falls Short.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The New York Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, The New York Times, 7 July 1972, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">www.nytimes.com\/1972\/07\/07\/archives\/medicine-men-successful-where-science-falls-short.html.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; This project is a timeline of Native American public health in the U.S. Southwest. Starting with the Mexican-American war, we follow how the United States government clashed with Native American indigenous populations over territorial claims. Following the violent colonization of the Native American lands, the U.S. government attempted to break up and assimilate Native<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/timelines\/inequalities-in-covid-19-in-the-osage-nation\/\">Continue Reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2163,"featured_media":0,"parent":59,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-nosidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-117","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2163"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/117\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":690,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/117\/revisions\/690"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/59"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/commons.princeton.edu\/ghp350-f20\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}